Page 218 - Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions - M.R. Riazi

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198 CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
o
Value of density at low pressure (atmospheric
ρ
pressure), g/cm 3 T1: IML 17:42 LK GC Lee–Kesler generalized correlation for Z
(Eqs. 5.107–5.113)
σ Size parameter in a potential energy func- LK EOS Lee–Kesler EOS given by Eq. (5.109)
tion, ˚ A (10 −10 m) MRK Modified Redlich–Kwong EOS given by Eqs.
ω Acentric factor defined by Eq. (2.10) (5.38) and (5.137)–(5.140)
ξ Packing fraction defined by Eq. (5.91), di- NIST National Institute of Standards and Technol-
mensionless ogy
OGJ Oil and Gas Journal
Superscript PHCT Perturbed Hard Chain Theory (see Eq. 5.97)
PR Peng–Robinson EOS (see Eq. 5.39)
bp Value of a property for a defined mixture at RHS Right-hand side of an equation
its bubble point RK Redlich–Kwong EOS (see Eq. 5.38)
2
c Value of a property at the critical point RS R squared (R ), defined in Eq. (2.136)
cal Calculated value SRK Soave–Redlich–Kwong EOS given by Eq.
exp Experimental value (5.38) and parameters in Table 5.1
g Value of a property for gas phase SAFT Statistical associating fluid theory (see Eq.
HS Value of a property for hard sphere molecules 5.98)
ig Value of a property for an ideal gas SW Square–Well potential given by Eq. (5.12).
L Saturated liquid vdW van der Waals (see Eq. 5.21)
l Value of a property for liquid phase VLE Vapor–liquid equilibrium
V Saturated vapor %AAD Average absolute deviation percentage de-
sat Value of a property at saturation pressure fined by Eq. (2.135)
(0) A dimensionless term in a generalized corre- %AD Absolute deviation percentage defined by
lation for a property of simple fluids Eq. (2.134)
(1) A dimensionless term in a generalized corre- %MAD Maximum absolute deviation percentage
lation for a property of acentric fluids
AS DISCUSSED IN CHAPTER 1, the main application of charac-
terization methods presented in Chapters 2–4 is to provide
Subscripts basic data for estimation of various thermophysical proper-
c Value of a property at the critical point ties of petroleum fractions and crude oils. These properties
i A component in a mixture are calculated through thermodynamic relations. Although
j A component in a mixture some of these correlations are empirically developed, most
i, j Effect of binary interaction on a property of them are based on sound thermodynamic and physical
m Value of a property for a mixture principles. The most important thermodynamic relation is
P Value of a property at pressure P pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) relation. Mathematical
p Pseudoproperty for a mixture PVT relations are known as equations of state. Once the PVT
P, N, A Value of parameter c in Eq. (5.52) for paraf- relation for a fluid is known various physical and thermody-
fins, naphthenes, and aromatics namic properties can be obtained through appropriate rela-
t Value of a property for the whole (total) sys- tions that will be discussed in Chapter 6. In this chapter we
tem review principles and theory of property estimation methods
and equations of states that are needed to calculate various
thermophysical properties.
Acronyms
API-TDB American Petroleum Institute—Technical
Data Book 5.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS AND THE
BIP Binary interaction parameter PHASE RULE
BWRS Starling modification of Benedict–Webb–
Rubin EOS (see Eq. 5.89) The state of a system is fixed when it is in a thermodynamic or
COSTALD corresponding state liquid density (given by phase equilibrium. A system is in equilibrium when it has no
Eq. 5.130) tendency to change. For example, pure liquid water at 1 atm
CS Carnahan–Starling EOS (see Eq. 5.93) and 20 C is at stable equilibrium condition and its state is
◦
EOS Equations of state perfectly known and fixed. For a mixture of vapor and liquid
GC Generalized correlation water at 1 atm and 20 C the system is not stable and has a
◦
HC Hydrocarbon tendency to reach an equilibrium state at another tempera-
HS Hard sphere ture or pressure. For a system with two phases at equilibrium
HSP Hard sphere potential given by Eq. (5.13) only temperature or pressure (but not both) is sufficient to
KISR Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research determine its state. The state of a system can be determined
IAPWS International Association for the Properties by its properties. A property that is independent of size or
of Water and Steam mass of the system is called intensive property. For example,
LJ Lennard–Jones potential given by Eq. (5.11) temperature, pressure, density, or molar volume are inten-
LJ EOS Lennard–Jones EOS given by Eq. (5.96) sive properties, while total volume of a system is an extensive

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