Page 137 - Mechanical Behavior of Materials

138 Chapter 4 Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Other Basic Tests

Table 4.2 Tensile Properties for Some Engineering Metals

Elastic 0.2% Yield Ultimate Reduction
Modulus Strength Strength Elongation 1 in Area
Material E σ o σ u 100ε f %RA
GPa MPa MPa % %
3
(10 ksi) (ksi) (ksi)
Ductile cast iron 159 334 448 15 19.8
A536 (65-45-12) (23) (49) (65)
AISI 1020 steel 203 260 441 36 61
as rolled (29.4) (37.7) (64)
ASTM A514, T1 208 724 807 20 66
structural steel (30.2) (105) (117)
AISI 4142 steel 200 1619 2450 6 6
as quenched (29) (235) (355)
AISI 4142 steel 207 1688 2240 8 27
◦
205 C temper (30) (245) (325)
AISI 4142 steel 207 1584 1757 11 42
370 C temper (30) (230) (255)
◦
AISI 4142 steel 207 1378 1413 14 48
450 C temper (30) (200) (205)
◦
18 Ni maraging 186 1791 1860 8 56
steel (250) (27) (260) (270)
SAE 308 cast 70 169 229 0.9 1.5
aluminum (10.2) (25) (33)
2024-T4 73.1 303 476 20 35
aluminum (10.6) (44) (69)
7075-T6 71 469 578 11 33
aluminum (10.3) (68) (84)
AZ91C-T6 cast 40 113 137 0.4 0.4
magnesium (5.87) (16) (20)
1
Note: Typical values from [Boyer 85] are listed in most cases.
Sources: Data in [Conle 84] and [SAE 89].

Some stress–strain curves from tension tests of engineering metals are shown in Figs. 4.14 and
4.15. The former gives curves for three steels with contrasting behavior, and the latter gives curves
for three aluminum alloys. Tensile stress–strain curves for low-ductility metals have only limited
curvature and no drop in stress prior to fracture, as for gray cast iron in Fig. 4.8 and also for the
as-quenched steel in Fig. 4.14.
Stress–strain curves from tension tests on three ductile polymers are shown in Fig. 4.16. These
are, in fact, the curves for the test specimens shown in Fig. 4.6. An early relative maximum in stress
is common for polymers, and this is associated with the distinctive necking behavior evident for