Page 193 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

174 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

References López Zavala and Reynoso-Cuevas (2015) Gago-Ferrero et al. (2015) Lindberg et al. (2005) Martín et al. (2010) Ternes et al. (2005) (Continued)

Limits of Detection (ng g−1 d.w.) 0.66 <10 (for more than 91% of the analytes) 20–50 a

Overview of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Sewage Sludge
Recoveries (%) 87.3–113 50–110 (for more than 77% of the analytes) 100–1100 a 1.56–115 1.55–112 0.45–79.8 0.13–44.7 43–76

Analytical Determination LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS 64–71 61–107 47–97 41–110 55–106

Clean-up LC-MS/MS HPLC-UV-Fl SPE (Oasis MCX; RP C18; ENV+)

— —

Total Solvent Volume 4 mL 2 × 3 mL SPE (ENV+) SPE (Oasis HLB) 10 mL

Extraction Solvents MeOH:ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) MeOH:water (pH2, EDTA 0.1%) (1:1, v/v) 20 mL 9 mL MeOH (4+2 mL), acetone (2+2 mL)

Extraction Technique buffer pH 6 (10mL); MeOH:water (75:25, v/v), 5% TEA (10 mL) (5 + 2 mL), acetone

UAE UAE Phosphate MeOH (2 mL) UAE

Sample Amount 0.05 g 0.1 g UAE UAE 0.5 g

Sample Compost Sewage sludge 2 g 1 g 1 g 1.5 g 2 g Digested sludge

TABLE 9.1 Therapeutic Group Anti-inflammatory drugs, anticancer agents, and β-blockers 148 pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, analgesic, anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and illicit drugs) Antibiotics Digested sludge Primary sludge Secondary sludge Di