Page 195 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

176 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Treatment

References Langford et al. (2011) Radjenović et al. (2009a) Seira et al. (2013) Göbel et al. (2005) Nieto et al. (2007) (Continued)

Limits of Detection (ng g−1 d.w.) 2–20 0.44–89.2 a 0.44–89.2 a 2.10–96.3 a 2.5–74 14–15 a 14–32 a

Overview of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Sewage Sludge
Recoveries (%) >76 36.8–130 33.5–122 29.2–102 92–110 51–64 72–109

Analytical Determination LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS LC-MS/MS LC/MS

Clean-up SPE (Oasis HLB) SPE (Oasis MAX) SPE (Oasis HLB)

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Total Solvent Volume n.d. 22 mL 15 mL 22 mL 40 mL

Extraction Solvents MeOH or MeOH:formic acid (100:0.1, v/v) (70 °C) MeOH:water (2:1, v/v) (100 °C) MeOH:water (65:35, v/v) (100 °C) MeOH:water (1:1, v/v) (100 °C) MeOH:phosphoric acid 50 mM (1:1, v/v) (80 °C)

Extraction Technique

PLE PLE PLE PLE PLE

Sample Amount 1–10 g 1 g 0.35 g 0.2 g 5 g
TABLE 9.1 (CONTINUED) Sample Therapeutic Group Sludge Anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anti-epileptics, β-blocker, antidepressants, H2 receptor agonists, nervous stimulants, lipid regulators, and others (the top 30 dispensed in Scotland) Primary Anti-inflammatory sludge drugs, antibiotics, β-blocker, n