Page 200 - Advances in Biomechanics and Tissue Regeneration

194 9. COMPUTATIONAL MUSCULOSKELETAL BIOMECHANICS OF THE KNEE JOINT

activities is maintained by a delicate interplay between the passive tissues and active musculature (voluntary and
reflex). Future developments should hence quantify the mechanical stability of the human knee joint in daily activities
such as gait. The role of muscle antagonistic coactivity at different levels and modifications in gait kinematics-kinetics
should be investigated with focus on both the joint stability margin and the muscle/contact/ligament forces. Such
works could also shed light on the mechanisms at play when investigating the distinct behaviors of copers and non-
copers following an ACL rupture.

Acknowledgments

The current work was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN5596).

References

[1] I. Kutzner, B. Heinlein, F. Graichen, A. Bender, A. Rohlmann, A. Halder, A. Beier, G. Bergmann, Loading of the knee joint during activities of
daily living measured in vivo in five subjects, J. Biomech. 43 (2010) 2164–2173.
[2] F. Guilak, Biomechanical factors in osteoarthritis, Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 25 (2011) 815–823.
[3] L. Murphy, T.A. Schwartz, C.G. Helmick, J.B. Renner, G. Tudor, G. Koch, A. Dragomir, W.D. Kalsbeek, G. Luta, J.M. Jordan, Lifetime risk of
symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, Arthritis Care Res. 59 (2008) 1207–1213.
[4] J.N. Katz, B.E. Earp, A.H. Gomoll, Surgical management of osteoarthritis, Arthritis Care Res. 62 (2010) 1220–1228.
[5] S. Kim, Changes in surgical loads and economic burden of hip and knee replacements in the US: 1997–2004, Arthritis Care Res. 59 (2008)
481–488.
[6] E. Losina, T.S. Thornhill, B.N. Rome, J. Wright, J.N. Katz, The dramatic increase in total knee replacement utilization rates in the United States
cannot be fully explained by growth in population size and the obesity epidemic, J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 94 (2012) 201–207.
[7] H. Jones, P.C. Rocha, Prevention in ACL injuries, in: Sports Injuries, Springer, 2012, pp. 33–42.
[8] N. Yang, P. Canavan, H. Nayeb-Hashemi, B. Najafi, A. Vaziri, Protocol for constructing subject-specific biomechanical models of knee joint,
Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 13 (2010) 589–603.
[9] M. Kazemi, L. Li, A viscoelastic poromechanical model of the knee joint in large compression, Med. Eng. Phys. 36 (2014) 998–1006.
[10] E. Pena, B. Calvo, M. Martinez, M. Doblare, A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the combined behavior of ligaments and menisci in
the healthy human knee joint, J. Biomech. 39 (2006) 1686–1701.
[11] M.Z. Bendjaballah, A. Shirazi-Adl, D. Zukor, Biomechanics of the human knee joint in compression: reconstruction, mesh generation and finite
element analysis, Knee 2 (1995) 69–79.
[12] K. Halonen, M. Mononen, J. T€ oyr€ as, H. Kr€ oger, A. Joukainen, R. Korhonen, Optimal graft stiffness and pre-strain restore normal joint motion
and cartilage responses in ACL reconstructed knee, J. Biomech. (2016).
[13] V.B. Shim, T.F. Besier, D.G. Lloyd, K. Mithraratne, J.F. Fernandez, The influence and biomechanical role of cartilage split line pattern on tibio-
femoral cartilage stress distribution during the stance phase of gait, Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. 15 (2016) 195–204.
[14] W. Mesfar, A. Shirazi-Adl, Knee joint mechanics under quadriceps-hamstrings muscle forces are influenced by tibial restraint, Clin. Biomech.
21 (2006) 841–848.
[15] M. Adouni, A. Shirazi-Adl, Evaluation of knee joint muscle forces and tissue stresses-strains during gait in severe OA versus normal subjects,
J. Orthop. Res. 32 (2014) 69–78.
[16] S.L. Delp, J.P. Loan, M.G. Hoy, F.E. Zajac, E.L. Topp, J.M. Rosen, An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study ortho-
paedic surgical procedures, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 37 (1990) 757–767.
[17] D.G. Lloyd, T.F. Besier, An EMG-driven musculoskeletal model to estimate muscle forces and knee joint moments in vivo, J. Biomech. 36 (2003)
765–776.
[18] K. Manal, T.S. Buchanan, An electromyogram-driven musculoskeletal model of the knee to predict in vivo joint contact forces during normal
and novel gait patterns, J. Biomech. Eng. 135 (2013) 021014.
[19] H. Marouane, A. Shirazi-Adl, J. Hashemi, Quantification of the role of tibial posterior slope in knee joint mechanics and ACL force in simulated
gait, J. Biomech. (2015).
[20] M. Adouni, A. Shirazi-Adl, R. Shirazi, Computational biodynamics of human knee joint in gait: From muscle forces to cartilage stresses,
J. Biomech. (2012).
[21] Z.F. Lerner, D.J. Haight, M.S. DeMers, W.J. Board, R.C. Browning, The effects of walking speed on tibiofemoral loading estimated via mus-
culoskeletal modeling, J. Appl. Biomech. 30 (2014) 197.
[22] H. Marouane, A. Shirazi-Adl, M. Adouni, Alterations in knee contact forces and centers in stance phase of gait: a detailed lower extremity
musculoskeletal model, J. Biomech. 49 (2016) 185–192.
[23] H. Marouane, A. Shirazi-Adl, M. Adouni, 3D active-passive response of human knee joint in gait is markedly altered when simulated as a
planar 2D joint, Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol. (2016) 1–11.
[24] N.H. Yang, H. Nayeb-Hashemi, P.K. Canavan, A. Vaziri, Effect of frontal plane tibiofemoral angle on the stress and strain at the knee cartilage
during the stance phase of gait, J. Orthop. Res. 28 (2010) 1539–1547.
[25] H.J. Kim, J.W. Fernandez, M. Akbarshahi, J.P. Walter, B.J. Fregly, M.G. Pandy, Evaluation of predicted knee-joint muscle forces during gait
using an instrumented knee implant, J. Orthop. Res. 27 (2009) 1326–1331.
[26] W.R. Taylor, M.O. Heller, G. Bergmann, G.N. Duda, Tibio-femoral loading during human gait and stair climbing, J. Orthop. Res. 22 (2004)
625–632.
[27] C.R. Winby, D.G. Lloyd, T.F. Besier, T.B. Kirk, Muscle and external load contribution to knee joint contact loads during normal gait, J. Biomech.
42 (2009) 2294–2300.

I. BIOMECHANICS