Page 411 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Engine modification for alternative fuels usage in diesel engine 365

Table 13.3 Physical and chemical properties of diesel, WFO, biodiesel

ASTM
Property Diesel WFO Biodiesel Limits Standard
3
Density (kg/m )at16°C 828 916.7 876 860–890 ASTM
D1298
Kinematic viscosity 2.39 42.53 4.76 1.9–6.0 ASTM
(cSt) at 40°C D445
Flash point (°C) 46 327 160 >130 ASTM
D93
Fire point (°C) 54 332 165 – ASTM
D93
Calorific value (MJ/kg) 42 38.97 39.67 – ASTM
D240
Copper strip corrosion 1a 1a 1a Class 3 ASTM
test D130
Cloud point (°C) 0 14 5 – ASTM
D2500
Pour point (°C) 15 03 7 15 to ASTM
10 D97
Conradson carbon 0.012 0.0200 0.0150 0.2 ASTM
residue (wt%) D189
Carbon (wt%) 85.26 75.03 76.56 – ASTM
D5291
Hydrogen (wt%) 14.36 11.17 10.43 – ASTM
D5291
Nitrogen (wt%) 0.293 1.486 0.403 – ASTM
D5291
Sulfur content (wt%) 0.159 0.330 0.004 – ASTM
D5291
Oxygen (wt%) 0 11.98 12.60 – ASTM
D5291
Acid value (mgKOH/g) 0 3.38 0.68 <0.80 ASTM
D664
Saponification value – 211.41 98.11 – ASTM
(mgKOH/g oil) D5558
Iodine value (gI 2 /100g) – 97.38 49.49 120 ASTM
D5554
Cetane index 56 56 66 >47 ASTM
D976

method; that of methyl ester is 0.67mgKOH/g, which met with the ASTM D664
standard.
Corrosiveness of biodiesel is measured by the copper strip corrosion test. For all the
tested fuels, the copper strip corrosion was found to be 1a. Cloud and four points of the
biodiesel are 5 °C and – 7 °C respectively. Cold flow properties are used to measure
the feasibility of biodiesel in a low-temperature environment. Iodine value is a