Page 415 - Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

368 Advances in Eco-Fuels for a Sustainable Environment

Biodiesel

0
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90
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Diesel 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Pentanol
Good miscibility and high flash and fire point

Fig. 13.3 Ternary diagram of biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol fuel at atmospheric condition.

viscosity and density affects the pumping and spray characteristics. The selected
biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol blends and biodiesel-diesel-n-hexanol blends density
and kinematic viscosity meet the ASTM standard limits. The calorific value of fuel
has an impact on the power output of an engine. The addition of diesel in the ternary
blends had compensated for the decrement in calorific value due to alcohol fuels. For
all blends, the copper strip corrosion was designated as class 1a. The pour point and
cloud point of biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol blends and biodiesel-diesel-n-hexanol
blends decreased compared to pure biodiesel. This was due to the fact that alcohol
fuels (n-pentanol and n-hexanol) had cloud and pour points close to 30°C.
The flash point of biodiesel is 160°C. Blending of biodiesel and diesel with
n-pentanol and n-hexanol reduced the flash point of the ternary fuel drastically. With
an increase in alcohol content in the fuel, the flash point of the ternary blends reduced
to the atmospheric temperature. The flash point of fuel is related to the storage, han-
dling, and transportation of the fuel. Hence, biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol blends and
biodiesel-diesel-n-hexanol blends with higher flash points were selected. Based on
the fuel characterization of biodiesel-diesel-n-pentanol blends and biodiesel-diesel-
n-hexanol blends, B90-D5-P5, B85-D5-P10, B90-D5-H5, and B85-D5-H10 blends
were selected for further engine study.