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302 CHAPTER 9 Design Principles of Photovoltaic Irrigation Systems

FIGURE 9.3
Solar module.
certain voltage that is the largest it can withstand in the generation region, or
voltage to open circuit V oc . It is the maximum voltage achieved by a solar cell
in silicon cells
• Peak Power, PP: Because the power is supplied as a DC, the power delivered to
the load will be P ¼ i$V. There will be an operating point (i M , V M ) with a voltage
value between 0 and V oc for which the delivered power is the maximum amount
possible (Fig. 9.4).
• Fill Factor, FF: An indicator of the shape of the characteristic curve and is
defined as the peak power (PP) divided by the open circuit voltage (V OC ) and the
short circuit current (i SC ).
i M V M
FF ¼ (9.1)
i SC V OC

I sc P max
I max 200

Cell Current (mA) 100 Maximum Power Area
150

P
V
= I
max max
max
50
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Cell Voltage (V) V max V oc
FIGURE 9.4
Solar module ieV characteristic curve.