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Functional measurements and mobility restriction (from 3D to 4D scanning) 179

Fig. 7.6 Example representation of the functional measurements.

rather small compared to other series measurements, the number of measurements to
be taken multiplies due to the different forms of movement to be investigated.
Fig. 7.6 shows an example of the registration of individual body measurements in
two scanning positions. The markings illustrate the measurement positions. Compa-
rability and reproducibility are important points not only for the definition of the mea-
surements but also for the acquisition of the scans.

7.2.4 Analysis of the functional measurements
The main question before starting the analysis was in what kind of form the functional
measurements should be presented. It made more sense only to represent the measure-
ment differences that arise between the different positions and the ISO standard pos-
ture, instead of the complete measurements (see Section 7.2.3.2). This makes it
possible to use the functional measurements independently of a specific size system.
As the first step the complete range of the measurement forms in the different posi-
tions was shown broken down. Fig. 7.7 shows this approach with the example of the
back width. From left to right, five different positions can be seen (“Reach 2” to “Right
Arm Outstretched”). For each position the line graph visualizes the minimum (dashed
line), average (continuous line), and maximum (dotted line) difference of the mea-
surement. For example, the back width of the subjects in the “Seated 2” position shows
a variance of 16.2 cm, a minimum of 15.5cm, an average of 8.7cm, and a max-
imum of 0.7cm. The range between the smallest and the largest measurement in the