Page 181 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

176 Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

1: Relaxed 2: Standard 3: Reach 4: Reach 2
5: Right arm 6: Lunge
outstretched

7: Bend 8: Squat 9: Seated 1 10: Seated 2
Fig. 7.5 The defined positions for the analysis of the range of movement (ROM).

The derivation of the functional measurements is based on the difference that
results when comparing different body positions, for example, the “Bend” to the
standing ISO standard posture, which is used to determine the body measurements.
The standing standard posture has been called “Relaxed” since the implementation
of the German sizing survey SizeGERMANY (Hohenstein Institute and Human
Solutions GMBH, 2008; ISO—International Organisation for Standardization,
2010). It serves as a reference for all measuring sections (Kouchi, 2014; ISO—
International Organisation for Standardization, 1989). In addition, the “Standard,”
“Reach,” and “Seated 1” positions were recorded in the same way as the
SizeGERMANY sizing survey. Additionally, six further positions were defined.
These positions are “Reach 2,” “Right Arm Outstretched,” “Lunge,” “Bend,”
“Squat,” and “Seated 2” (see Fig. 7.5). All 93 subjects were scanned in these positions.

7.2.3.3 Recording of the movement-oriented positions

The 3-D recording of the positions was done with the Vitus Smart XXL 3-D body
scanner (Vitronic, n.d.). The scanner works with the optical triangulation measure-
ment principle and provides a reliable and accurate system that has been tested in
numerous previous measuring studies and allows accurate, noncontact, three-
dimensional imaging of the human body. The advantage of this method is that, in con-
trast to the manual measurement, 3-D data on posture can be extracted and the scanned
data are still available for later evaluations. It is part of the category of laser scanners,
which scan the surface by means of light and thus create a 3-D scan. This has the