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Functional measurements and mobility restriction (from 3D to 4D scanning) 175

Fig. 7.4 Position of the marker.

the awareness of body position and body movement in space. This is not equally dis-
tinct in all subjects. The reproducibility of body postures by the subjects represents a
significant challenge in the investigation of functional measurements. Even to per-
form simple postures, mobility and holding strength are necessary. For example, in
the case of one posture in the project, the subjects had to lift the right arm sideways
to shoulder height (see position number 5 in Fig. 7.5). This could not be performed
equally by all the subjects. Some did not have the shoulder joint mobility to bring their
arm to shoulder height. Others, on the other hand, found it hard to develop the power to
keep their arms steady for the period of recording. Similar differences in performance
were found in the “Bend” and “Squat” positions. The problems that arose particularly
in these positions are described in more detail hereafter (see Section 7.2.5). In general
a special challenge can be seen in the fact that the static attitudes in the 3-D detection
relate to movements. It is certainly much easier to perform movements in natural
speed. Four-dimensional scanning systems will provide a solution to this challenge
in the future. Nevertheless, future research will also have to deal with the problem
of reproducible forms of movement.