Page 175 - Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

170 Anthropometry, Apparel Sizing and Design

with the systematic recording of functional measurements the analysis of differing
measurements, which result from the comparison of measurements in different motion
postures with the standard standing position, and the practical preparation of data. The
study and its results are presented in Section 7.2.
Three-dimensional body scanners, in addition to recording body surfaces to ana-
lyze body measurements, are being increasingly used to scientifically examine the
fit of clothing products. This means initial studies do analyze the fit and function
of the products not only when standing but also in typical practical positions
(Baytar et al., 2012; Ashdown et al., 2005; Ashdown, 2011). Thus restrictions of
mobility and movement caused by clothing can be not only visually evaluated but also
quantified. Section 7.3 of the chapter describes the research situation of the assessment
of mobility restrictions due to clothing starting from the first analog approaches.
The recording of movement and its influence on body dimensions or ergonomic
wearing comfort with a 3-D scanner is only possible step by step. Everything must
be done position by position, with each one being held during the recording time.
Therefore it is unclear whether the results can illustrate the real dynamic changes
of the body. The technical development in the area of 4-D scanning systems (scanning
during movement) opens a whole new promising research method for detailed require-
ment analysis. A look at this technology concludes the chapter with Section 7.4.

7.2 Functional measurements

Body measurements, on which the development of clothing is based, sometimes differ
seriously from the measurements of size charts in the practice of movement (standing,
sitting, kneeling, bending, etc.). Length and circumference measurements sometimes
change considerably, as shown in Fig. 7.1. The distance between the seventh cervical
vertebrae and forth lumbar vertebrae (length of the back contour) of a male subject
with the German size 50 (chest girth: 100cm) has a difference of 12.3cm between

Fig. 7.1 Change of body measurements in different body positions.