Page 337 - Battery Reference Book

3018 Primary batteries
120
110
40 R, 31 rnA at 1.25 V
30 R, 42 mA at 1.25 V
- 70 25R,5OmAat 1.25V
-
E 60
F 50
15 R, 83 mA at 1.25 V
10 R, 125 mA at 1.25 V
5 a, 250 mA at 1.25 V
r
" I I I I I I I I I I I
- 20 0 10 20 32 43 55 65 76
Temperature ("C)
Figure 30.12 Mercury-zinc cell: life against temperature (E12 type, 3.6Ah capacity) (Courtesy of Vidor)

1.37 - 3.0 r
1.36 -
1.35 - 2.8
I 1.34 -
>
1.33 - 2 2.6 -
1.32 -
- W
m
2 1.31 - 5 2.4 -
I
1.30 - >
1.29 -
1.28 - 2.2 -
1.27 1 I I I I I 1 CI10 CI20 Cl30 Cl50 C1300
rate
-50 -20 0 20 50 80 rate rate rate rate
Temperature of operation ("C)
Service time (h)
Figure 30.13 Effect of temperature on operating voltage of
mercury-zinc cells at different current drains: A, 50fl; 0, 11 fl;
0, no current drain; 0, 1OOpA. Initial reading of an E12 cell Figure 30.14 Typical discharge characteristics of a lithium-
sulphur dioxide cell at various loads at 21°C (Courtesy of
(Courtesy of Vidor) Honeywell)
a wide range of current or power levels, from as high the wide temperature range, the good voltage regula-
as the 2 h rate to low-drain continuous discharges for tion, and the high percentage performance available at
periods up to as long as 2 years, with good voltage the temperature extremes. Naturally the relative per-
regulation even at the extremes of discharge load. formance of the cell depends on discharge rate and
This cell is capable of delivering its energy at high improves at low discharge rates. Even at high dis-
current or power levels, well beyond the capacity of charge rates, however, a high percentage of the 21°C
conventional batteries. performance is available at temperature extremes.
Mallory supply hermetically sealed lithium-sulphur The cells can be operated with success at elevated
dioxide organic electrolyte cells in the capacity range temperatures. When operated at very high currents out-
1.1-10Ah with a nominal voltage of 3.00V. Fur- side the recommended limits, the cells may produce
ther details are given in Tables 56.2 and 56.3. Dis- heat and high internal gas pressures and these con-
charge curves for two of these batteries are given in ditions should be avoided. The cells are, however, an
Figure 30.15. excellent source for high pulse currents. Multi-cell bat-
The lithium-sulphur dioxide cell is noted for its teries contain additional insulation as well as a fuse for
ability to perform over a wide temperature range from protection from mishandling such as short-circuits.
-54 to +71"C, giving a higher discharge rate at low Figures 30.17 and 30.18 compare typical discharge
temperatures than is possible with other types of cells. performances of a lithium-sulphur dioxide battery at
Discharge curves for a standard 0.26 or D cell at +2WC and -3O"C, showing that very low tempem-
various temperatures are shown in Figure 30.16. Of tures do not have any particularly adverse effect on
particular significance are the flat discharge curve over discharge characteristics.