Page 535 - Biosystems Engineering

Index 507

bio-oils, crude, 226–240 biosystem
chemical composition of, 226–231, analysis, 33–38, 47–57
226f engineering, 195, 447–463
classification of, 232 identification, 57–66
combustion of, 232 modeling, 78–83
commercialization of, 242 nonlinear optimization example,
diesel engine use of, 232–234 75–88
families of, 227–228 optimization, 33–38
fuel applications of, 231–234 nonlinear, 75–88
fuel properties of, 231–232 representation, 34–47
gas turbine use of, 232–233 step input and, 47–48, 47f
low-molecular-weight organic transfer function, 48–51
molecules and, 231–232 Biot number, 221–222
octane numbers for, 233 biotechnology, 350–351, 400–401, 400t
petroleum and, 228, 228t block diagrams
physicochemical properties of, dynamic system, 34–35
228–229, 229t example, combine harvester, 35, 35f
upgrading, 233–234 inputs, 35
biopesticides, 499–501 mathematical representation, 36–38
biorefineries, 240 Laplace transform, 38–44
bioregulators (BRs) outputs, 35
calcium in fruit and, 406 representation, 34–36
exogenous, fruit and, 405–442 subsystems, 35–36, 35f
fruitlet thinning using, 429–437 blow molding, 330–332, 330f, 331f
retardants as, 409–410 BMP. See best management practices
bioseparation Bode diagram
cell disruption in, 284–288 constant term (gain term), 52–53, 53f
liquid homogenization for, 287 derivative term (zero at the
mechanical methods and, 284–287 origin), 54
ultrasonic vibration, 287 integral term, 53–54, 53f
centrifugal separation, 288–290 quadratic lag, 55f, 56–57, 58f
chromatographic techniques, simple lag/lead, 54–55, 55f
300–304 transfer function, 51–57
crystallization, 297–307 Bode plot
drying, 297–307 empirical, 60–62, 61f, 66, 66f
ELM, 306 feedback control system, 72
evaporation, 296–297 feedback controller design,
filtration, 292–296, 292t 73–74, 74f
flocculation, 291–292 model parameters, 58
hollow fiber-supported liquid simulated, 66, 66f
membrane, 307, 308f Boolean logic. See conventional two-
liquid membrane, 306 valued logic
membrane technology, 305 Boolean networks, 21–23
thickening, 290–291, 291f bootstrapping methods, 12–13
thin supported liquid membrane, boron, 479–480
307 bovine spongiform encephalopathy
ultrafiltration membrane, 305–306, (BSE), 309
306f Bowen ratio, 102
unit operations in, 284–307 brake power
bioseparation processes, 281–308 CO emissions and, 275–276, 275f
chemical engineering unit diesel fuel consumption and,
operations in, 283 272–273, 272f
chemical separation processes, diesel substitution and, 273–274,
281–282 273f
disadvantages, 282 ethanol fumigation and, 273–278,
fermentation, 283 273f
methods, 283, 283t exhaust gas temperature and,
necessity of, 281 277–278, 277f
properties, 283 NO emission and, 274–275, 274f
x
stages of, 282–283 smoke number and, 276–277, 276f