Page 39 - Computational Fluid Dynamics for Engineers

24 1. Introduction

Date Airline Location Aircraft Type Precipitation
and Observations

26 Jan 74 THY Cuma ovasi, F28 Probable cause:
Turkey frost accretion
on the wings
03 Jan 77 JAL Anchorage DC-8-62 Fog
04 Jan 77 JAL Frankfurt 737 Light snow/25-degree
wheel reod after liftoff,
rime ice observed
on wing
27 Nov 78 TWA Newark DC-9-10 Blowing rain and snow
20 Dec 78 N40SN Minneapolis Lear jet Probable cause:
snow and ice on wings
19 Jan 79 N73181 Detroit Lear jet Probable cause:
premature stall caused
by accumulation of wing ice
12 Feb 79 Allegheny Clarksburg Nord 262 Light snow - frozen
snow photographed
on empennage after accident
18 Feb 80 Redcote Boston Bristol 253 Light snow
13 Jan 82 Air Florida Wash. D.C. 737 Moderate-to-heavy snowfall
05 Feb 85 Airborne Philadelphia DC-9-10 Light freezing rain, ice
and snow pellets, fog
12 Dec 85 Arrow Air Gander DC-8-63 Light freezing drizzle,
snow grains
27 Dec 86 Ozark Sioux City DC-9-10 Light freezing drizzle
15 Nov 87 Continental Denver DC-9-10 Moderate snow, fog
18 Jan 88 N2814U New Mexico Cessna 402 Probable cause:
ice/frost removal inadequate
06 Feb 88 N2832J California Cessna A188B Probable cause:
ice/frost removal inadequate
23 Dec 88 N5570H Montana Piper PA-11 Probable cause: wing ice
10 Mar 89 Air Ontario Dryden F28 Heavy snow
25 Nov 89 Korean Air Kimpo F28 Dense fog, ice on the wing
16 Feb 91 Ryan Cleveland DC-9-10 Light snow
22 Mar 92 USAIR New York Fokker F28 Inadequate ice/frost removal
31 Oct 94 American Eaglei Roselawn ATR72 Ice ridge in front of aileron
from supercooled water droplets
09 Jan 97 COMAIR Detroit Embraer 120 Icing in holding pattern
07 Apr 99 THY Turkey B737-4Q8 Icing after takeoff

Fig. 1.25. Partial list of accidents where icing was a contributing factor.

Heating is required to prevent ice accretion anywhere on the aircraft; the
heat keeps the impinging droplets from freezing (running wet) or evaporates
all impinging water (anti-icing). Unfortunately, it is not possible to provide
sufficient thermal energy to attain complete ice prevention and still remain