Page 176 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

140 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

Active power PV 611 bus
50

0

–50

–100
Power (kW) –150

–200

–250

–300 Active power VV
Active power VW
–350
0 5 10 15 20 25
Hours

FIGURE 5.15 Active power injected by the PV of the 611-bus with and without Volt/Watt
control. PV, Photovoltaic.

in conjunction with the Volt/Var control. The total power of the storage units
is 150 kW. Charging occurs in the period of greatest power generation by
the PV, and the stored energy consumption occurs in the night period, where
the demand of the load connected to the bus is higher. The result of the volt-
age of bus 611 for the case in question is shown in Fig. 5.16.

5.4.2 Case 2: Harmonic studies in OpenDSS considering
renewable distributed generation and aggregate linear load models
An increasing adoption of power electronic technologies—such as inverters
for PV systems, variable-frequency drives, battery energy storage systems,
and EVs—is expected to grow during the coming years, not only in quanti-
ties but also in size of installations as well [27]. However, high penetrations
of these technologies may decrease the power performance metrics and
amplify technical problems in distribution networks [28]. For example, over-
voltage and harmonic distortion are operational circumstances of power dis-
tribution systems that are becoming more relevant in a progressive smarter
grid scenario [29].
Many utility systems are not prepared for the increasing penetration of
DG, taking the distribution grids to a new level of complexity. Thus the use