Page 329 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

290 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

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Is there an empire
Imperialistic competition
with no colonies
Initialize the empires Yes
Compute the total cost of all empires Eliminate this empire
No
Assimilate colonies
Unite similar empires
Exchange the positions of that
Revolve some colonies
imperialist and the colony
Stop condition
Is there a colony in an satisfied
empire which has lower cost Yes
than that of the imperialist Yes
No End
No
FIGURE 11.3 Imperialist competitive algorithm based LFC’s parameters tuning. LFC, Load-
frequency control.

competition, which are the competition among the members of an empire
and the competition among empires respectively. The power of each colony
or imperialist is determined from the cost of the optimization algorithm as
shown in Fig. 11.3. Countries with the least cost function become the imperi-
alists, and they form empires by taking control of countries with higher cost
functions which become colonies in their empires. The process involves
assimilation where the imperialists gets stronger and gain full control for the
colonies or revolution where some colonies become stronger than the imperi-
alists. Among the imperialist competition to gain full control of other colo-
nies exists [20]. The process stops when powerless empires have been
completely eliminated.
The ICA algorithm can be used in the implementation of the optimal
under frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme. With an objective defined as
in (11.26) where the goal is minimization of the overall objective function,
the lessor the number of imperialist the better the solution as shown in
Fig. 11.3. This algorithm enjoys several advantages like it works well with
nonlinear systems, and the solution obtained is a global one.

11.6 Case study
11.6.1 The studied deregulated power system

In this chapter the performance of the adopted LFC controllers is shown on a
large-scale power system. Therefore IEEE 39-bus system is considered for
investigating the superiority of FOPID controllers. The single-line diagram
of IEEE 39-bus system is depicted in Fig. 11.4. This system is widely used
in dynamic studies and usually divided into three subareas. Moreover, it is
assumed that there is a flexible demand such as electric vehicles which is