Page 151 - Educational Technology A Primer for the 21st Century

142 8 Designing Learning Activities and Instructional Systems
objectives to be fulfilled, the selection of instructional strategies, and determination
on the pace of instruction. This section focuses on the elements that enable the
teacher to guide the student through the planned instructional strategies.

(5) Conduct formative revisions.

The aim of this step is to revise the instructional products and processes before
implementation. Instructional designers use evaluation for the specific purpose of
improving the designed instruction so that it can fulfill its goal of reducing the
performance gap.
There are two main types of evaluation used in the ADDIE approach:

• Formative evaluation is the process of collecting data that can be used to revise
the instruction plan before implementation.
• Summative evaluation is the process of collecting data following
implementation.

8.3.1.4 Implement
Implement is the fourth phase of the ADDIE instructional design process, with the
purpose to prepare the learning environments and engage the students. After
completing the implement phase, one should be able to work in an actual learning
environment where the student can construct the new knowledge and skills.
Most ADDIE approaches use the implement phase to transition the summative
evaluation activities and other strategies that place into action the teaching and
learning process.
The standard procedures and typical deliverable associated with the implement
phase are as shown in the Table 8.6.

(1) Prepare the teacher.

The aim of this phase is to identify and prepare teachers to facilitate the
instructional strategies and the learning resources that have been newly developed.

(2) Prepare the student.

Identify and prepare students to actively participate in the instruction and
effectively interact with the newly developed learning resources.

Table 8.6 Standard
Standard procedures Typical deliverable
procedures for implement
phase (1) Prepare the teacher Facilitator plan
(2) Prepare the student Learner plan