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11

Cyber Physical systems and security

Chapter outline
11.1 Conventional networks............................................................................................................ 272
11.1.1 Networking.................................................................................................................... 273
11.1.2 Network topology......................................................................................................... 274
11.1.3 OSI and TCP/IP model ................................................................................................... 276
11.1.4 Industrial specific networking...................................................................................... 278
11.2 Supervisory control and data acquisition .............................................................................. 280
11.3 Industry 4.0................................................................................................................................ 281
11.3.1 Internet of things.......................................................................................................... 282
11.3.2 Cloud computing and manufacturing ........................................................................ 283
11.3.3 Manufacturing and big data ....................................................................................... 284
11.4 Risks due to the convergence IT and IACS systems ............................................................. 285
11.5 Cybersecurity............................................................................................................................. 286
11.6 Concluding comments .............................................................................................................. 288
References........................................................................................................................................... 289

Cyber-physical systems result from the integrations of computation and physical
processes; cyber-physical systems use computer hardware and software together with
communication networks that are deeply embedded in and interacting with the actual
process being undertaken to add significant new capabilities to the physical, in this case
manufcaturing, systems.
Rapid advances in Internet-based systems and applications have opened the
possibility for industries to utilise the cyber workspace to conduct efficient and effective
collaborations from any location worldwide to provide a fully distributed manufacturing
environment. This chapter will consider aspects of a systems and networking concepts
found in the manufacturing domain, that are generically described as Industrial
Automation and Control Systems (IACSs) and relate them to the concepts discussed in
previous chapters.
The use of the Internet and Intranet are redefining how companies operate, in many
cases the information collected during the manufacturing process is as valuable to the
organisation as the commodity or artefact produced. It is anticipated that every
imaginable type of device will eventually be networked and, it is expected that the

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