Page 14 - Engineering Digital Design

CONTENTS xiii

8.8 Arithmetic and Logic Units 357
8.8.1 Dedicated ALU Design Featuring R-C and CLA Capability 358
8.8.2 The MUX Approach to ALU Design 363
8.9 Dual-Rail Systems and ALUs with Completion Signals 369
8.9.1 Carry Look-Ahead Configuration 378
8.10 VHDL Description of Arithmetic Devices 380
Further Reading 383
Problems 385

9. Propagation Delay and Timing Defects in Combinational Logic 391
9.1 Introduction 391
9.2 Static Hazards in Two-Level Combinational Logic Circuits 392
9.3 Detection and Elimination Hazards in Multilevel XOR-Type Functions 399
9.3.1 XOP and EOS Functions 400
9.3.2 Methods for the Detection and Elimination of Static Hazards in
Complex Multilevel XOR-type Functions 403
9.3.3 General Procedure for the Detection and Elimination of Static Hazards
in Complex Multilevel XOR-Type Functions 408
9.3.4 Detection of Dynamic Hazards in Complex Multilevel XOR-Type
Functions 409
9.4 Function Hazards 412
9.5 Stuck-at Faults and the Effect of Hazard Cover on Fault Testability 412
Further Reading 413
Problems 415

10. Introduction to Synchronous State Machine Design and Analysis 419
10.1 Introduction 419
10.1.1 A Sequence of Logic States 420
10.2 Models for Sequential Machines 421
10.3 The Fully Documented State Diagram: The Sum Rule 424
10.4 The Basic Memory Cells 428
10.4.1 The Set-Dominant Basic Cell 428
10.4.2 The Reset-Dominant Basic Cell 431
10.4.3 Combined Form of the Excitation Table 433
10.4.4 Mixed-Rail Outputs of the Basic Cells 434
10.4.5 Mixed-Rail Output Response of the Basic Cells 435
10.5 Introduction to Flip-Flops 436
10.5.1 Triggering Mechanisms 437
10.5.2 Types of Flip-Flops 438
10.5.3 Hierarchical Flow Chart and Model for Flip-Flop Design 438
10.6 Procedure for FSM (Flip-Flop) Design and the Mapping Algorithm 440
10.7 The D Flip-Flops: General 440
10.7.1 TheD-Latch 441
10.7.2 The RET D Flip-Flop 444
10.7.3 The Master-Slave D Flip-Flop 448
10.8 Flip-Flop Conversion: The T, JK Flip-Flops and Miscellaneous Flip-Flops 450
10.8.1 The T Flip-Flops and Their Design from D Flip-Flops 451
10.8.2 The JK Flip-Flops and Their Design from D Flip-Flops 453
10.8.3 Design of T and D Flip-Flops from JK Flip-Flops 455