Page 23 - Fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer

xxvi LIST OF TABLES

6.10 Selection of Solids Mixers Based on 11.1 Condenser Troubleshooting 336
Operational Requirements 190 11.2 Summary of Reboiler Types and their
6.11 Types of Mixers and Their Mixing Action Characteristic Features 345
and Applications 193 11.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different
Types of Reboilers 346
7.1 Examples of Porosities of Different Materials 200 11.4 Reboiler Selection Guide 347
7.2 Materials Transported by Pneumatic 11.5 Advantages and Limitations of Different
Conveyance 209 Arrangements in Multiple Effect Evaporators 364
7.3 Typical Conveying Velocities for Different 11.6 Boiler Feed Water Purity Requirements as
Materials 214 Function of Boiler Pressure 370
7.4 Minimum Recommended Conveying Velocities
for Good Ventilation 217 12.1 Different Types of Refrigeration Systems and
Refrigerants Used 372
Heat Transfer 12.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different
Types of Jackets 382
8.1 Reference Temperatures 226
12.3 Values of a in Equation 12.26 383
8.2 Characteristics of Thermocouples 228
12.4 Values of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients
8.3 Commonly Observed Temperature
for Jacketed Vessels 384
Measurement Problems 232
12.5 Steam Trap Selection Criteria 392
8.4 Characteristics, Advantages, and Disadvantages
of Temperature Measuring Devices 232
13.1 Classification of Passive and Active Heat
Transfer Enhancement Techniques 396
9.1 Magnitude of Heat transfer Coefficients
13.2 Types, Features, Applications, and Limitations
in Increasing Order are Illustrated 260
of Heat Exchangers 416
9.2 Heat Transfer Coefficients for Different
13.3 Some Working Fluids for Heat Pipes 420
Applications 260
9.3 Typical Ranges of Overall Heat Transfer
14.1 Values of Emissivities of Some Materials as a
Coefficients 261
Function of Temperature 427
9.4 Recommended U for Broad Categories of
14.2 Heating Values and Stoichiometric Combustion
Design Applications 262
Air Requirements for Different Fuels 433
9.5 Operating Temperature Ranges of Different
14.3 Fuel Savings as a Function of Preheated Air
Heat Transfer Fluids 267
Temperature 433
9.6 Heat Transfer Coefficients for Preliminary
14.4 Mean Beam Length for Different Furnace
Design of Heat Exchangers in Refinery
Shapes/Dimensions 436
Service 269
14.5 Average Heat Fluxes and Temperatures
Employed in Process Heaters 438
10.1 Selection of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers 279
14.6 Maximum Permissible Radiant Heat Fluxes for
10.2 Tube Side Pressure Drops in Shell and Tube
Personal Exposure 438
Heat Exchangers 284
10.3 Maximum Unsupported Span for the Tubes 287
Mass Transfer
10.4 Fractions of Different Shell Side Flow Streams 292
10.5 Selection of Materials of Construction for Heat 15.1 Definitions of Mass Transfer Coefficients 461
Exchangers 294 15.2 Examples of Gas or Liquid Film Controlled
10.6 Influence of Flow Velocity on Fouling Processes 462
Mechanisms 299 15.3 Relationships Among Drop Size, Drop Surface
10.7 Influence of Temperature on Fouling Area, and Drop Count 470
Mechanisms 299
10.8 Some Considerations for the Choice of Heat 16.1 Recommended Tray Spacings 479
Exchanger Design 302 16.2 Recommended Minimum Residence Times for
10.9 Fouling Factors for Different Streams Liquid in a Downcomer 480
4 2
(10 m K/W) 307 16.3 Recommended Design Pressure Drops for
10.10 Specification Sheet for a Shell and Tube Heat Packed Columns 495
Exchanger 312 16.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different
10.11 TEMA Fouling Factors 328 Types of Liquid Distributors 506