Page 12 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

6 From smart grid to internet of energy

(2) Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber-
security.
(3) Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation,
including renewable resources.
(4) Development and incorporation of demand response, demand-side
resources, and energy-efficiency resources.
(5) Deployment of “smart” technologies (real-time, automated, interactive
technologies that optimize the physical operation of appliances and con-
sumer devices) for metering, communications concerning grid operations
and status, and distribution automation.
(6) Integration of “smart” appliances and consumer devices.
(7) Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and peak-
shaving technologies, including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehi-
cles, and thermal-storage air conditioning.
(8) Provision to consumers of timely information and control options.
(9) Development of standards for communication and interoperability of
appliances and equipment connected to the electric grid, including the
infrastructure serving the grid.
(10) Identification and lowering of unreasonable or unnecessary barriers to
adoption of Smart Grid technologies, practices, and services.

It has been declared as a policy of US Government to modernize the electric-
ity transmission and distribution system to maintain a reliable and secure
electricity infrastructure that can meet future demand growth and to achieve
each of the following, which together characterize a Smart Grid. These items
summarize the technical merits of Smart Grid infrastructure in terms of char-
acteristic features. The digital control and information technologies are
widely used in Smart Grid applications to increase reliability, security, and
efficiency of power grid. It was well-known that security of this cyber-
physical system (CPS) is depended to dynamic optimization of grid opera-
tions and sources. Therefore, demand response (DR), demand side manage-
ment (DSM), deployment of distributed source in generation and deployment
of smart technologies such as remote monitoring, advanced metering, and
distribution automation control have been described as crucial characteristics
of a Smart Grid system. In addition to contributions in generation, transmis-
sion, and distribution systems; the consumption level is also considered in
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. The consumer devices
and appliances should be converted to smart ones while improving the exist-
ing power grid.
The smart appliances, smart applications, and smart devices are targeted to
convert consumers to prosumers that plays active role in Smart Grid environ-
ment. The prosumers can install their microgrid plants with RES and distributed
micro-sources, and thus they can participate to generation and increasing the
grid efficiency with their plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), smart home