Page 16 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

10 From smart grid to internet of energy

The business objectives, investment and installation plans and modernizing the
existing grid infrastructure are decided with the interaction of Markets and
Operation Domains. The transmission and distribution operations are also
located in Operation Domain in addition to ISO and RTO operations. The trans-
mission operations are comprised by energy management systems and WAMs
that interact with Transmission Domain over enterprise bus and transmission
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). The distribution opera-
tion in Operation Domain includes DMS, metering data management system
(MDMS), DR and asset management systems. These systems interact with
lower horizontal domains over metering system and distribution SCADA infra-
structures using WAN and FAN connections [9].
The Service Provider Domain includes utility provider and third-party pro-
vider applications both including customer information service (CIS) and bill-
ing services. The utility provider applications are comprised by these services
while the third-party provider applications include additional home/building
management, aggregation and other related services. Service Provider Domain
interacts with Operation Domain over enterprise communication bus or
internet-based connections. According to the NIST conceptual reference model,
the communication applications along domains are performed by gateway
actors, information networks, and communication paths. The gateway actors
are responsible to interaction between different domains by using several com-
munication protocols and services. The implemented networks are called infor-
mation networks which is a collection of communication devices, ICT systems,
and network servers. Moreover, communication paths describe the secure
communication infrastructures and data exchange between domains and ICT
devices [9].
The European Commission has requested from CENELEC to develop a
Smart Grid reference model as a standard for interoperability as like NIST con-
ceptual model. CENELEC has comprised a research group and put into action
this reference model by handling interoperability concerns at first. The interop-
erability categories have been defined into three branches as technical, informa-
tional and organizational divisions. The technical interoperability category
comprises fundamental physical and logical connections by three subcategories
that are described as basic connectivity, networks interoperability, and syntactic
interoperability. These three subcategories out of eight establish physical
connection, exchange message control, and implementing data structures along
exchanged messages. The informational interoperability category provides
semantic understanding and business context by using message data structures
presented from technical interoperability section. The organizational interoper-
ability level as the highest layer among others includes business procedures,
business objectives, and economic policies. The interoperability sections are
illustrated in Fig. 1.3 where the conceptual framework model of GridWise
Architecture Council reference have been developed regarding to refined
three different interoperability layers as seen on the left-hand side of figure.