Page 378 - Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging
P. 378
INDEX
Abbe condenser, 56 Arc lamp, see Mercury arc lamp; Xenon arc lamp
Abbe’s image formation theory, 77–80 power supplies, 36–37
Aberrations, lens, 50–52, 60 Astigmatism, 51–52, 60
Absorbance, see Optical density Auto-gain control (AGC), in video microscopy,
Absorption spectra 240–241
dyes, 181–188, 193 Autofluorescence, endogenous molecules, 185,
visual pigments, 24–25 187–189
Achromatic-aplanatic condenser, 56
Achromatic lenses, 53–54 Back focal plane, diffraction image, 5, 80–81
Acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF), 221 Background fluorescence, 196–197
Airy, Sir George, 65 Background subtraction, video microscopy, 244, 249
Airy disk, 65–67 Bandpass filters, 37–40
Alexa dyes, 185, 187, 224 Bandwidth (BW), video microscopy
Aliasing, 248–249 signal-handling devices, 245, 254–255
Alignment, see specific types of microscopes VCRs and, 251–252
Amplitude Barrier filters, see Emission filters
electromagnetic waves, 15–17 Beam splitter, DIC, 126, 192
light intensity and, 19, 22 Bertrand lens, 5
Amplitude object, 12, 91, 97 Bias noise, 273–274
phase annulus, see Condenser annulus Bias retardation, 161–162, 165, 167
Analogue signal, in video microscopy, 235 Bias signal, 273
Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) Biaxial crystals, 126
confocal laser scanning microscopy, 215–217 Binning, digital CCD microscopy, 270
digital CCD microscopy, 269 Bioluminescence, 181
video microscopy, 238, 249 Birefringence
Analogue-to-digital unit (ADU) defined, 124, 126
digital CCD microscopy, 263, 266 optical path difference and, 127
digital image processing, 301 polarization microscopy, 127–133
Analyzer types of, 127–128
DIC microscopy, 156 Bit depth, 275
polarizing microscope, 118, 120, 138 Bleed-through, 194, 197–198
Antifade reagents, 223–224, 291 Brace-Koehler compensator, 147–148
Aperture angle, 65–66, 69–71 Brewster’s angle, 121–122
Aperture planes Bright-field microscopy, 12
Koehler illumination, 9, 10 Brightness, see Image brightness; Image intensity
location, 4, 5 of light, 22
Apochromatic lenses, 53–54 Byte files, digital image processing, 284
361