Page 378 - Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging
P. 378

INDEX















                       Abbe condenser, 56                  Arc lamp, see Mercury arc lamp; Xenon arc lamp
                       Abbe’s image formation theory, 77–80  power supplies, 36–37
                       Aberrations, lens, 50–52, 60        Astigmatism, 51–52, 60
                       Absorbance, see Optical density     Auto-gain control (AGC), in video microscopy,
                       Absorption spectra                     240–241
                        dyes, 181–188, 193                 Autofluorescence, endogenous molecules, 185,
                        visual pigments, 24–25                187–189
                       Achromatic-aplanatic condenser, 56
                       Achromatic lenses, 53–54            Back focal plane, diffraction image, 5, 80–81
                       Acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF), 221  Background fluorescence, 196–197
                       Airy, Sir George, 65                Background subtraction, video microscopy, 244, 249
                       Airy disk, 65–67                    Bandpass filters, 37–40
                       Alexa dyes, 185, 187, 224           Bandwidth (BW), video microscopy
                       Aliasing, 248–249                     signal-handling devices, 245, 254–255
                       Alignment, see specific types of microscopes  VCRs and, 251–252
                       Amplitude                           Barrier filters, see Emission filters
                        electromagnetic waves, 15–17       Beam splitter, DIC, 126, 192
                        light intensity and, 19, 22        Bertrand lens, 5
                       Amplitude object, 12, 91, 97        Bias noise, 273–274
                        phase annulus, see Condenser annulus  Bias retardation, 161–162, 165, 167
                       Analogue signal, in video microscopy, 235  Bias signal, 273
                       Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC)  Biaxial crystals, 126
                        confocal laser scanning microscopy, 215–217  Binning, digital CCD microscopy, 270
                        digital CCD microscopy, 269        Bioluminescence, 181
                        video microscopy, 238, 249         Birefringence
                       Analogue-to-digital unit (ADU)        defined, 124, 126
                        digital CCD microscopy, 263, 266     optical path difference and, 127
                        digital image processing, 301        polarization microscopy, 127–133
                       Analyzer                              types of, 127–128
                        DIC microscopy, 156                Bit depth, 275
                        polarizing microscope, 118, 120, 138  Bleed-through, 194, 197–198
                       Antifade reagents, 223–224, 291     Brace-Koehler compensator, 147–148
                       Aperture angle, 65–66, 69–71        Brewster’s angle, 121–122
                       Aperture planes                     Bright-field microscopy, 12
                        Koehler illumination, 9, 10        Brightness, see Image brightness; Image intensity
                        location, 4, 5                       of light, 22
                       Apochromatic lenses, 53–54          Byte files, digital image processing, 284
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