Page 379 - Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging
P. 379
362 INDEX
Calcite crystal, 126–127 Sénarmont, 145–147, 167
Cardioid condenser, 114–115 Complementary colors, 26–27
Camera control unit (CCU), 269 Composite view, confocal microscopy, 213
Camera electronics unit, see Camera control unit projection view, confocal microscopy, see Com-
(CCU) posite view
Carl Zeiss, 77–78, 86 Compound lenses, 51–52
CCD cameras Compound light microscope, 1–2
architecture, 262, 267–268 Condenser
characteristics of, 260–267 Koehler illumination, 10
color, 277 lens, 2, 56
confocal laser scanning microscopy, 217, 229–230 Cone cell photoreceptors, 24
dynamic range, 275 Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)
frame transfer, 267 adjustments, 217–223
full-frame, 261–264, 267 image quality criteria, 215–217
interline transfer, 267–268 optical principles of, 208–211
performance evaluation, 279–281 performance criteria, 215–217
readout rates, 269 photobleaching, 223–224
repair and service of, 278–279 procedures for acquiring confocal image,
selection factors, 278–279 224–226
types of, 269 scan rate, 218, 224–226, 230–231
video microscopy, 236–239 spinning Nipkow disk, 229–230
CCD imager, 260–267 two-photon, 226–229
CCIR video format, 236 Conjugate focal planes
Central wavelength (CWL), 38 aperture, 5–6
Charge-coupled device (CCD). See CCD cameras defined, 4
Chlorophyll, fluorescence of, 183–184 field, 5–6
Chromatic aberration, 51–52, 60 Koehler illumination, 10
Circularly polarized light, 131–132 Conoscopic mode, 4
Cleaning and maintenance guidelines Constructive interference, 63, 64, 75
abrasions, 58–59 Contrast, 22
dichroic mirrors, 192 Contrast threshold, 22
dust, 58 Convolution filter, 292–295
immersion oil, 58 Cooling, CCD cameras, 264, 267
mechanical force, 59 Coverslips, thickness of, 57
scratches, 58–59 Cumulative histogram, 287–288
Clipping, in digital image processing, 287 Curvature of field, 52
Closed-circuit TV, 236 Cut-off frequency, video imaging systems,
CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black), image 252–253
processing, 313
Coherence of light Daisy-chained equipment, 254–255
defined, 20–21 DAPI, 188
in DIC, 153–154 Dark count, 273
in image formation, 82–84, 92 Dark-field microscopy
in phase contrast, 101, 103 image interpretation, 115
Collector lens, 7 theory, 112
Collimated beam, 20–21 Dark frame, digital image processing, 292, 305
Color Dark noise, 273
balance, incandescent lamps, 30 Data types, digital image processing, 284–285
complementary, 26–27 Day vision, 22–23
negative, 24–26 Deconvolution microscopy, 205–206
positive 24–26 Demagnified image, 49
in scientific publications, 312–313 Depth of field, 90–91
visual perception, 22–24 Depth of focus, 90–91
Colored glass filters, 39 Descanning, 210
Coma, 51–52, 60 Destructive interference, 63, 64
Compensators DIC microscopy, see Differential interference con-
Brace-Koehler, 147–148 trast (DIC) microscopy
DIC microscopy, 167 DIC prism, see Wollaston prism
full wave plate ( -plate), 141–145, 148–151, 167 Dichroic filter, 121, 123–124
polarizing microscope, optical component, 136, Dichroic mirror, 190–194
137, 140 Dielectric constant, polarized light, 129–130