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                    Space Radiation Effects and Microelectromechanical Systems       95



                               10 5


                               10 4                                 Fe

                              dE/dx (MeV/(gm/cm 2 ))  10 3 2     O




                               10


                                       Total energy loss  H  He
                                10         dE/dx
                                          in silicon

                                 1
                                10 −2  10 −1    1     10     10 2    10 3   10 4
                                               Energy/Nucleon (MeV)
                    FIGURE 5.6 Energy lost per unit length in silicon as a function of the particle energy.


                                1.8
                                1.6
                                1.4            Bragg peak
                              LET (MeV-cm 2 /mg)  1.0
                                1.2


                                0.8
                                0.6
                                0.4
                                0.2
                                0.0
                                  0              5            10            15
                                                    Depth (µm)
                    FIGURE 5.7 LET as a function of depth for a 2.5 MeV He ion passing through silicon. (From
                    E. Petersen, Single Event Upsets in Space: Basic Concepts, NSREC Short Course, IEEE, 1983.)



                       How MEMS respond to radiation is determined, in part, by where the charge
                    deposition occurs. For instance, ions passing through metal layers in MEMS
                    generate additional electrons, but because they constitute a tiny fraction of the
                    electrons already present in the metal, they have no effect on MEMS performance.




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