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144                                                         Chapter 3








































                          Figure 3.12  U-spring  design with sharp corners

         The stiffness   is the  element of the  stiffness matrix  (which is the inverse  of
         the compliance matrix consisting of the elements defined in Eqs. (3.35)
         through (3.40)) located  on  the  first row  and  first  column.  Similarly, the
         stiffness  is  the element placed on the second row – second column position
         of the same stiffness matrix. The definition stiffnesses are simply the inverses
         of the  corresponding  compliances,   and
             The stiffness about the z-direction is calculated in the definition sense that
         has been introduced in the previous chapters and was also mentioned
         previously in Eq. (3.30) for instance. Its expression is found by taking the
         ratio of a  force   which is applied at point 1  in Fig. 3.12 about a direction
         perpendicular  to the  plane of  the microdevice  to  the  corresponding
         displacement    namely:
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