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216   6 Answers, Hints and Solutions
                            A1.7 There will be two development directions when device/system size
                            decreases: the number of functions will decrease (commercialization-oriented
                            direction), and the number of functions will increase (research-oriented direc-
                            tion). See Sect. 1.5.


                            Chapter 2

                            A2.1 See Fig. A.1.  100



                                               Resonant frequency (kHz)  80  0.5  1  2 3  Thickness 4 mm


                                                60
                                                40
                                                20
                                                 0
                                                                 300
                                                  0
                                                            200
                                                       100
                                                           Length (mm)  400  500
                            Fig. A.1. Relationship between the cantilever resonant frequency f 0 and the length
                            l, with thickness t as a parameter

                            A2.2 See Fig. A.2.



                                               Spring constant (mm) 100 1  2 mm 3 mm Thickness
                                                  10
                                                                     4 mm


                                                 0.1
                                                0.01     0.5 mm 1 mm
                                                   0   100  200  300  400  500
                                                           Length (mm)

                            Fig. A.2. Relationship between the cantilever spring constant K and the length l,
                            with thickness t as a parameter


                            A2.3 Since the LD facet reflectivity R 2 facingthe medium is greatly reduced
                            by an antireflection coating to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the light
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