Page 28 - Modeling of Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design

M. W. Kellogg has developed a new technology in the synthesis of
ammonia. They employ a ruthenium on graphite as the catalyst on
Kellogg Advanced Ammonia Process (KAAP). The process is the first
to employ a non-iron based catalyst and was co-developed with British
Petroleum Ventures. The KAAP has been commercialized since 1994,
and has been used in an increasing number of projects.
Process technology licensors have developed alternative techniques
to the primary and secondary reformer processes. These technologies
integrate process units with steam and power systems, thereby using
heat exchange networks to capture waste heat. Additionally, they
provide the energy required for reforming methane. M.W. Kellogg has
employed a system where the desulfurized natural gas and steam are
first divided into two streams and heated. The mixed feed is then fed
to a tubular reforming exchanger and an autothermal reformer. Enriched
air at 600°C is then passed to the autothermal reformer and the effluent
at 1,000°C flows to the shell side of the reforming heat exchanger. In
the autothermal reformer, which contains conventional secondary

Figure 7. Kellogg’s new ruthenium-catalyst based advanced ammonia process
combined with the reforming exchange system. (Used with permission of
Chemical Engineering.)

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