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Alkyl halide reagents such as phenacyl bromide (PHB) [91-93], p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) [94-
99], α-bromo-2'-acetonaphtone (BAN) [100102] and panacyl bromide (PB) [103] react with carboxylic
acids in acetonitrile under mild conditions, and the reactions are catalyzed by a crown ether and
potassium ion, or organic bases such as triethylamine and ethylamine (Fig. 2.23a).
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