Page 214 - Book Hosokawa Nanoparticle Technology Handbook

FUNDAMENTALS CH. 4 CONTROL OF NANOSTRUCTURE OF MATERIALS

DC DC using pre-shaped substrates. Figure 4.2.17 shows a few
examples of alumina ceramics fabricated by sintering
the deposits together with conductive polymer covered
ceramic substrates in air. This technique can be utilized
for fabricating various shape-controlled ceramics by
EPD. Further fundamentals and applications of EPD
are referenced in the following review papers [2–7].

References
[1] S. Put, J. Vleugels and O. Van der Biest: Acta Mater.,
51, 6303–6317 (2003).
suspension A suspension B [2] P. Sarkar, P.S. Nicholson: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79,
1987–2002 (1996).
[3] O. Van der Biest, L.J. Vandeperre: Annu. Rev. Mater.
Sci., 29, 327–352 (1999).
[4] I. Zhitomirsky: Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 97, 279–317
Sintered body (2002).
[5] A.R. Boccaccini, I. Zhitomirsky: Curr. Opin. Sol. State
Mater. Sci., 6, 251–260 (2002).
Figure 4.2.16
The procedure to fabricate a laminate composite. [6] Y. Fukada, N. Nagarajan, W. Mekky, Y. Bao, H.-S. Kim
and P.S. Nicholson: J. Mater. Sci., 39, 787–801 (2004).
[7] A.R. Boccaccini: J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 114, 1–14 (2006).

4.3 Nanopore structure

4.3.1 Microporous material: Zeolite
Zeolite is a class of microporous aluminosilicate crys-
tals including molecular-sized, void spaces and ion-
exchange sites within the structure. It is called as
“molecular sieve” since zeolite recognized molecules
by their sizes and shapes. Owing to the unique, struc-
tural features, zeolites have been already utilized as
adsorbents, catalysts, and ion-exchangers widely in
industrial and agricultural fields as well as in our
daily necessities [1, 2].
Natural zeolites were first recognized in the mid-
eighteenth century. After 200 years, R.M.Barrer [3]
succeeded in the synthesis of some zeolites based on
the formation condition of natural zeolites. Since the
success, several synthesis methods have been devel-
oped, which resulted in formation of a variety of
framework structures; now framework types more
than 160 are recognized by International Zeolite
Association, the Structure Commission [4]. However,
there remain a lot of unexplained details on the syn-
thesis routes. Still, most of novel zeolites have been
found through trial-and-error approaches, and some
of them have been industrially produced in the scale
of 2 million tons per year worldwide.
Figure 4.2.17 (1) Structure of zeolite
The examples of alumina ceramics fabricated by sintering Some of typical zeolite structures are shown in
the deposits together with conductive polymer-covered Fig. 4.3.1. T atoms (Si or Al) with four bonds are
ceramic substrates in air. connected each other via O atoms, and zeolite

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