Page 125 - Phase-Locked Loops Design, Simulation, and Applications
P. 125

capacitor needs twice as much time to charge. Therefore, the loop filter acts like a simple RC
               filter whose time constant is not τ  + τ  but 2(τ  + τ ). The equivalent model of Fig. 3.19 can
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               now be used to compute the signal u  across capacitor C . Since the VCO of the PLL was
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               assumed to operate at its center frequency ω  at the start of the pull-in process, the initial
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