Page 256 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

228 Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

template. In this context, the size of RPTs depends on the mass ratios of ammonium
persulfate to HCNSs where the ammonium persulfate is used to polymerize the RPTs.
The electron microscope images of activated samples are presented in Fig. 8.8. The
cross-linked structure of activated PANI-based carbon fiber (mass ratio of APS to
HCNSs is 15:1) APCFs-15 is a distinctive example of a short fiber (Fig. 8.8A). On
increasing the mass ratio of APS/HCNSs from 30 to 60, a slight change in morphology
and the size of the activated rectangular PANI-based carbon tubes (ARP-CTs)
(Fig. 8.8A, B, D, and F) was observed. Fig. 8.8B and C shows the characteristic rect-
angular tube morphology (square both outside and inside) of ARP-CTs-30 with

(A) (B)

100 nm 100 nm

(C) (D)

100 nm

(E) (F)

1 µm 100 nm

Fig. 8.8 SEM images of the APFs and ARP-CTs. APFs-15 (A), ARP-CTs-30 (B), ARP-CTs-45
(D, E), ARP-CTs-60 (F), and a TEM image of ARP-CTs-30 (C).