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Chapter 5
Sustainability of Municipal
Solid Waste Management
5.1 Introduction
Municipal solid waste is considered one of the major global environmental
problems, especially in developing countries. Solid waste in general can be
classified into industrial or manufacturing, agricultural and forestry, munici-
pal, and other types such as sludge, water canal floating weeds, construction
and demolition waste, clinical waste, etc. as shown in Figure 5.1. Municipal
solid waste (MSW) is considered the most important solid waste because of
Water Purification Others 6%
and Disinfection 2%
Energy Production 4%
Manufacturing 25%
Construction and
Demolition 14%
Mining and
Quarrying 14% Agricultural and
Forestry 21%
Municipal Waste 14%
FIGURE 5.1 Composition of total waste generated in OECD region [OECD, 2001]
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