Page 238 - The CNN Effect in Action - How the News Media Pushed the West toward War ini Kosovo

1403975191ts11.qxd 19-2-07 05:10 PM Page 203
203
NOTES
8. In the immediate aftermath of losing autonomous status, up to 100
demonstrators were killed and over 1,000 put on trial. In another inci-
dent in 1995, Belgrade transferred 25,000 police to Kosovo to quell
rising tensions amongst the Albanian populations who believed they
were intentionally poisoned. See Malcolm, Kosovo, 344–345.
9. Ibid., 353.
10. Alex J. Bellamy, Kosovo and International Society (Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 54–55.
11. Paul Wood, “The KLA’s Armed Struggle,” BBC News Online
(September 21, 1999) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/
453897.stm.
12. Interview of Ivo Daalder, in Boyer, Kirk, and Young, War in Europe.
13. Although some cite cases of armed resistance as early as 1991, the first
public appearance of the KLA in Kosovo occurred on November 28,
1997 when three armed men in ski masks appeared at a funeral of
Albanians killed in a skirmish with Serb police to the cheers of 20,000
mourners. A month later, the KLA issued its first public statement.
Sell, Slobodan Milosevic, 279.
14. This sense of guilt led the Dutch government to resign in 2002 after the
release of a report by Dutch Institute for War Documentation on April
10, 2002. The report partially blamed the government for its failure to
protect the Srebrenica “safe haven,” which its troops were assigned to
safeguard on behalf of the United Nations. Abi Daruvalla, “Srebrenica’s
Newest Victims,” Time Europe (April 16, 2002), http://
www.time.com/time/europe/eu/daily/0,13716,230843,00.html.
15. White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Address by the President
to the Nation” (March 24, 1999).
16. It was estimated that the loss rate of these helicopters was five percent
per sortie or higher, while fixed-wing aircraft loss rates were estimated
to be less than a hundredth of a percent. Ivo H. Daalder and Michael
E. O’Hanlon, Winning Ugly: NATO’s War to Save Kosovo
(Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000), 94.
17. Lawrence Freedman, “Victims and Victors: Reflections on the Kosovo
War,” Review of International Studies 26, no. 3 (2000).
18. According to the Pew Research Center, Support for U.S. involvement
in the Kosovo conflict registered 60 percent approval in March 1999.
This figure increased to 62 percent in April, before dropping to
53 percent in May. The Pew Research Center for The People & The
Press, “Collateral Damage Takes its Toll.” Cited in Livingston,
“Media Coverage of the War,” 377.
19. Poll conducted by ICR Research Group for National Public Radio,
Kaiser Family Foundation, and Kennedy School of Government,
Harvard University, between April 23 and April 28, 1999. Cited in
ibid., 376.
20. Auerswald, “Integrated Decision Model of NATO Policy in Kosovo,”
640–641, 59–60.