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2. PV System Under Nonshading Conditions     139




                                 100      SOC H
                             soc  99.5
                                  99                  SOC L
                                    0   100    200    300   400   500    600

                            V battery  71.985
                               71.99
                               71.98
                                    0    100   200   300    400   500    600
                                 30
                                 20                     Battery Current
                              I battery  10
                                  0
                                 -10
                                    0    100   200    300   400   500    600
                                  40
                               I load  20             Load Current

                                  0
                                    0   100    200    300   400   500    600
                                 10
                                  5
                               I PV
                                  0
                                    0    100   200    300   400   500    600
                  FIGURE 4.20
                  The simulation results from battery and control switch models.


                                         +V L-           I o
                                     I T

                                                        V o
                                     V d                         R L



                  FIGURE 4.21
                  Step-up dcedc converter (boost converter).

                  coupler. Points 5 and 6 are connected to gate and drain of the MOSFET of the boost
                  converter through a current-limiting resistor.
                     The analog pulse requires two Op-Amp and their power supply is as shown in
                  Fig. 4.27. The power supply supplies þ15 V,  15 V, and 0 V to the entire system
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