Page 282 - Automotive Engineering Powertrain Chassis System and Vehicle Body

10.1
Chapter 10.1

Tyres and wheels

Jornsen Reimpell, Helmut Stoll and Jurgen Betzler

10.1.1 Tyre requirements Within Europe, standardization is carried out by the
European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization or
The tyres are crucial functional elements for the trans- ETRTO, which specifies the following:
mission of longitudinal, lateral and vertical forces tyre and rim dimensions;
between the vehicle and road. The tyre properties should the code for tyre type and size;
be as constant as possible and hence predictable by the the load index and speed symbol.
driver. As well as their static and dynamic force trans-
mission properties, the requirements described below – Passenger car tyres are governed by UNO regulation
depending on the intended use of the vehicle – are also to ECE-R 30, commercial vehicles by R 54, spare wheels by
be satisfied. R 64, and type approval of tyres on the vehicle by EC
As tyres significantly affect the handling properties directive 92/23/EC.
of vehicles, the properties of original tyres – the tyres In the USA the Department of Transportation
with which the vehicle is supplied to the customer –are (or DOT, see item 9 in Fig. 10.1-18) is responsible for
specified by the vehicle manufacturers in conjunction the safety standards. The standards relevant here are:
with the tyre manufacturers. However, spare tyres
usually differ from the original tyres, despite their Standard 109 Passenger cars
similar designation; hence handling characteristics can Standard 119 Motor vehicles other
change. Individual vehicle manufacturers have therefore than passenger cars.
decided to identify tyres produced in accordance with
their specifications by means of a symbol on the side- The Tire and Rim Association, or TRA for short, is
wall of the tyre or to sell tyres which meet the speci- responsible for standardization.
fications of original tyres at their manufacturing In Australia, binding information is published by the
branches. Federal Office of Road Safety, Australian Motor Vehicle
Certification Board.

10.1.1.1 Interchangeability ARD 23 Australian Design Rule 23/01:
Passenger car tyres
All tyres and rims are standardized to guarantee in-
terchangeability, i.e. to guarantee the possibility of using is the applicable standard.
tyres from different manufacturers but with the same InGermany,theDINStandards(Deutsches Institutfu ¨r
designation on one vehicle and to restrict the variety of Normung) and the WdK Guidelines (Wirtschaftsverband
tyre types worldwide. der Deutschen Kautschukindustrie Postfach 900360,

Automotive Chassis: Engineering Principles; ISBN: 9780750650540
Copyright Ó 2001 Elsevier Ltd; All rights of reproduction, in any form, reserved.