Page 213 - Biomedical Engineering and Design Handbook Volume 1, Fundamentals

190 BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN BODY

HAMS TF
PT
GAS
Posterior
GRF Anterior

600
400
200 0
Shear force (N) –200

–400
–600
–800 Total Patellar tendon
TF contact Hamstrings
–1000
GRF Gastrocnemius
–1200
0 50 100 150 200
Time (ms)
FIGURE 7.35 Shear forces acting on the lower leg (shank and foot) during a drop
landing. Positive shear forces are directed anteriorly. [Modified from Pflum et al.
(2004).]

7.8 REFERENCES

An, K. N., Ueba, Y., Chao, E. Y., et al. (1983). Tendon excursion and moment arm of index finger muscles.
Journal of Biomechanics. 16:419–425.
Anderson, F. C. (1999). A dynamic optimization solution for a complete cycle of normal gait. Ph.D. dissertation,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.
Anderson, F. C., and Pandy, M. G. (1993). Storage and utilization of elastic strain energy during jumping. Journal
of Biomechanics. 26:1413–1427.
Anderson, F. C., and Pandy, M. G. (1999). A dynamic optimization solution for vertical jumping in three
dimensions. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. 2:201–231.
Anderson F.C., and Pandy M.G. (2001). Dynamic optimization of human walking. Journal of Biomechanical
Engineering 123: 381–390
Anderson, F. C., and Pandy, M. G. (2001). Static and dynamic optimization solutions for gait are practically
equivalent. Journal of Biomechanics. 34:153–161.
Barr, R., and Chan, E. (1986). Design and implementation of digital filters for biomedical signal processing.
Journal of Electrophysiological Techniques. 13:73–93.
Basmajian, J., and DeLuca, C. (1985). Muscles Alive: Their Function Revealed by Electromyography. Williams
and Wilkens, Baltimore.