Page 252 - Communication and the Evolution of Society

229 Notes

of Socialization Theory and Research (Chicago, 1969), and “From Is to
Ought,” in T. Mischel, ed., Cognitive Development and Epistemology
(New York, 1971), pp. 151-236.
54. Eder, Die Entstehung staatlich organisierter Gesellschaften.
55. L. Krader, Formation of the State (New York, 1968).
56. The most important representatives of this theory are F. Ratzel,
P. W. Schmidt, F. Oppenheimer, and A. Ristow.
57. W. E. Miihlmann, “Herrschaft und Staat,” in Rassen, Ethnien,
Kulturen (Neuwied, 1964), pp. 248-296.
58. This view, first developed by Marx and Engels in The German
Ideology, has had many adherents; V. G. Childe is a good representa-
tive, originally in Old World Prehistory (London, 1938).
59. G. E. Lenski, Power and Privilege (New York, 1966). Earlier I too
defended this view; cf. Toward a Rational Society, p. 94, and Theorie der
Gesellschaft, pp. 153-175.
6o. R. L. Carneiro, “A Theory of the Origin of the State,” Science
169 (1970) :733-738.
61. K. A. Wittfogel, History of Chinese Society (Philadelphia, 1946),
and Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power (New
Haven, 1957).
62. R. Coulborn, “Structure and Process in the Rise and Fall of Civi-
;
lized Societies,” Comparative Studies in History and Society 8 (1965-66)
Carneiro, “A Theory of the Origin of the State.”
63. I am drawing on a sketch presented by Klaus Eder at the 16. Deut-
schen Soziologentag in Kassel, 1974.
64. Ibid., p. 14.
65. Ibid., p. 15.
66. Ibid.
67. “The deep-seated contradiction was that the mastery of nature and
the self-realization of man sometimes had to come into opposition, since
the former process required for its increasing efficacy servitude as a means
of realizing the organization and mobility (of labor power), while the
latter had freedom as its goal and basis. Indeed in the final analysis
the mastery of nature makes sense only if the self-realization of man, the
humanizing of relations among men, succeeds.” Welskopf, “Schau-
platzwechsel,” p. 131.
68. K. Popper, The Poverty of Historicism (London, 1966).
69. C. H. Waddington, The Ethical Animal (Chicago, 1960).
70. Cf. W. Leppenies, H. H. Ritter, eds., Orte des wilden Denkens
(Frankfurt, 1970).
71. Piaget also singles this out as the moment that unites the different
brands of structuralism; cf. J. Piaget, Strwcturalism (New York, 1970).
72. C. Lévi-Strauss, The Savage Mind (Chicago, 1968); M. Godelier,
‘“Mythe et Histoire,” Anwales, Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations.
73. L. Kohlberg, “Stage and Sequence” and “From Is to Ought.”