Page 253 - Communication and the Evolution of Society

230 Notes

74. S. Goeppert, H. C. Goeppert, Sprache und Psychoanalyse (Heidel-
berg, 1973); R. Débert, “Zur Logik des Ubergangs von archaischen zu
hochkulturellen Religionssytemen,” in K. Eder, ed., Die Entstehung von
Klassengesellschaften, pp. 330-363; B. Schlieben-Lange, Linguistische
Pragmatik (Stuttgart, 1975).
75. V. G. Childe, What Happened in History (New York, 1946);
L. A. White, The Science of Culture (New York, 1949).
76. J. H. Steward, Theory and Culiure Change (Urbana, 1955).
77. T. Parsons, Societies: Evolutionary and Comparative Perspectives
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1966); G. Lenski, Human Societies (New York,
1930); cf. the critical remarks of P. J. Utz, “Evolutionism Revisited,”
Comparative Studies in Society and History, 15 (1973) :227-240; N. Luh-
mann, Zweckbegriff und Systemrationalitat (Frankfurt, 1974).
78. E. S. Dunn, Economic and Social Development (Baltimore, 1971),
pp. 80 ff.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid., pp. 160 ff.
81. In an unpublished manuscript on the theory of social evolution.
82. Dunn, Economic and Social Development, pp. 97 ff.
83. H. W. Nissen, “Phylogenetic Comparison,” in S. S. Stevens, ed.,
Handbook of Experimental Psychology (New York, 1951), pp. 34 ff.
84. N. Luhmann, “Einfiithrende Bemerkungen zu einer Theorie sym-
bolisch generalisierter Kommunikationsmedien,” Zeitschrift fur Sozio-
logie (June 1974) :236-255.
85. I owe this point to a conversation with Klaus Eder.
86. J. Huxley, Evolution: The Modern Synthesis (New York, 1941),
and Touchstone for Ethics (New York, 1942); T. Dobzhansky, The
Biological Basis of Human Freedom (New York, 1956); and D. D.
Raphael, “Darwinism and Ethics,” in S. A. Barnett, ed., A Century of
Darwin (Cambridge, 1958).
87. Waddington, The Ethical Animal, p. 59.
88. Ibid.
89. K.-O. Apel, “Das Apriori der Kommunikationsgemeinschaft und
die Grundlagen der Ethik,” in Apel, Transformation der Philosophie
(Frankfurt, 1973), vol, 2, pp. 358-436, and J. Habermas, “What is Uni-
versal Pragmatics?,” supra.
90. Cf. J. Habermas, “Zwei Bemerkungen zum praktischen Diskurs,”
in Habermas, Zur Rekonstruktion des Historischen Materialismus (Frank-
furt, 1976), pp. 338-346.

Notes to “Legitimation Problems in the Modern State”
1. In a certain way the kinship system itself has legitimating power;
the status of the family to which one belongs decides which claims one
may put forward. The concept of “legitimate heirs” in Roman law trans-