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Heuristic methods for the evaluation of environmental impacts Chapter | 12 331

12.4 Conclusions
The EED optimization problem in electric distribution systems is formulated
as a multiobjective problem that considers the economic benefits in the oper-
ation of electric networks and the reduction of environmental pollution by
inserting the emission index calculation on the system in relation to the mini-
mization of the function emission index. In addition, the formulation pre-
sented considers the relevant restrictions imposed by Brazilian standards in
relation to electrical and environmental specifications.
From the results obtained in this study, the model and mathematical
method for the EED using EA NSGA-II tools reduce the cost of energy pro-
duction from TPPs and environmental impact. The use of NSGA-II allows
the computational tool to establish the solution to this formulation. It has
determined the Pareto optimal solutions to the problem and allows the
professional to determine the most effective solutions.
According to the analysis of the old EED in relation to the methodology
used in this work forward, a new mathematical approach to assess emissions
from generators and at the same time reducing the cost of fuel is a new
possibility of identifying the different ways of evaluating the emissions pro-
duced by power plants, in relation to mathematical models with the imple-
mentation of computational tools to evaluate the economic and
environmental variables, considering the permissibility of each pollutant in
the atmosphere.
The mathematical procedure developed has been applied to the case study
of a power-generating plant in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, and also to the
test system. The relevant results of this study based on examples and practical
analyses show the advantages and validate all developed procedures.
It was seen from the case study, the value of the emission index varies
3
for different plant engines. Their values vary from 54 to 102 g/m for
maximum power.
The gas engine emission rate in the mill case study is quite different from
all the engines of the plant. Furthermore, gas engines emit particulate matter,
something that, according to the literature, is not permissible. In the indicated
situation, due to technical conditions of gas engines, a huge number of burn-
ing oil particles are mixed with gas and so exist in the exhaust gas.
In the case of HFO engines, the emission index difference among various
engines is not as significant as in the case of gas engines. It can be seen that,
in general, the HFO engines have a specific emission index lower than that
of gas engines, that is, engines emit less pollutants HFO in relation to the
power they deliver. For the 10-engine test system, the results showed a
discrepancy among emission levels in relation to the characteristics of the
respective generators as the power supplied.
An extensive literature review of the EED was presented, among which
numerous techniques solve the problem in reducing emissions due to power