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Earth Electrodes, Protective Conductors 199

Endnotes

1. As per “Residential and Similar Premises—Installation Criteria of Earthing System,”
Norma Italiana CEI 64–12, 1998–02.
2. IEC 60364–5-54, “Electrical Installations of Buildings—Part 5–54: Selection and Erec-
tionofElectricalEquipment—EarthingArrangements,ProtectiveConductorsandPro-
tective Bonding Conductors.” Second Edition 2002–06.
3. When faults involve line conductors (i.e., phase-to-phase short circuits), the
initial temperature of the conductors, at the inception of the fault, is not the
ambient one, but the actual temperature is in correspondence of the prefault
current. In this case, k can be conservatively calculated by considering, as the
initial temperature, the temperature in correspondence of the current-carrying
capability of the conductor (e.g., 70 C for PVC insulation).
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4. For more details, see: M. Tartaglia, M. Mitolo, “Evaluation of the Prospective Joule
Integral to Assess the limit Short Circuit Capability of Cables and Busways,” Pro-
ceedings of the IEEE Industry Application Society (IAS) 43rd Annual Meeting,
Edmonton, October 5–9, 2008.
5. The bonding conductor might be avoided if the hinges are both low-resistance
type and protected against corrosion.
6. For further details see M. Mitolo, “Protective Bonding Conductors: An IEC Point of
View,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 44, No. 5, September/
October 2008.