Page 407 - Academic Press Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology 3rd Analytical Chemistry

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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN012C-568 July 26, 2001 15:32

Photoelectron Spectroscopy

G. Hohlneicher
A. Gildenpfennig
University of Cologne

I. Fundamentals of Photoelectron Spectroscopy
II. Photoemission from Atoms, Molecules,
and Solids
III. Instrumentation
IV. Some Examples
V. New Directions

GLOSSARY resolved photoelectron spectra due to interaction of the
electronic process with molecular vibrations.
Auger electron spectroscopy Investigation of the kinetic
energy distribution of electrons produced through the
decay of a highly excited core hole state. PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY is the inves-
Binding energy The energy necessary to remove an elec- tigation of the energy distribution of electrons released
tron from a certain orbital or shell. from a sample by irradiation with sufficiently energetic
Characteristic X-ray emission Emission of X-rays with radiation. It is applied to a wide range of materials, such
well-defined energy resulting from the radiative decay as atoms or molecules in the gas phase, solids, and—
of core hole states. with very special technical requirements—liquids. Pho-
Chemicalshift Variationinthebindingenergyofaninner toelectron spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool for
shell electron due to different chemical environments. the investigation of the electronic structure of molecules
Core hole state Excited state of an atom in which an and solid surfaces. It has become especially important
electron has been removed from one of the inner shells. in surface science because of its extraordinary surface
Multiplet splitting Substructure of bands in photoelec- sensitivity.
tronandAugerelectronspectracausedbydifferentspin
states and by spin–orbit interaction. I. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHOTOELECTRON
Photoelectron spectroscopy Investigation of the kinetic SPECTROSCOPY
energy distribution of photoemitted electrons.
Photoemission Emission of electrons from a free mol-
A. Basic Principles
ecule or a surface following irradiation with photons
of sufficiently high energy. As long as there is no need to specify the nature of the
Vibrational fine structure Structure observed in highly sample, we simply speak of the investigated system (M).

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