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reFerences
GRDA. 2007. Final Report for Geothermal Resources and Development Account Grant GEO-02-006. California
Energy Commission, Sacramento, California.
Helgeson, H. C., J. M. Delany, H. W. Nesbitt, and D. K. Bird. 1978. Summary and Critique of the Thermodynamic
Properties of Rock-Forming Minerals. American Journal of Science 278-A: 1–229.
Lemmelä, R, Y. Sucksdorff, and K. Gilman. 1981. “Annual Variation of Soil Temperature at Depths 20 to 700
cm in an Experimental Field in Hyrylä, South-Finland During 1969 to 1973.” Geophysica 17:143–54.
Ochsner, K. 2008. Geothermal Heat Pumps. London: Earthscan.
Oklahoma State University. 1988. Closed-Loop/Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems: Installation Guide.
National Rural Electric Cooperative Association Research Project 86-1. International Ground Source
Heat Pump Association, Stillwater, Oklahoma.
Wolfson, R. 2008. Energy, Environment and Climate. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

FUrTher InFormaTIon
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
The ASHRAE provides data, information, training, and resources for all aspects of build-
ing HVAC interests. They have established standards useful for building design, sustain-
ability, and use of renewable energy resources, including ground source heat pumps. They
provide standard methods for, among other things, computing building energy demand and
heating and cooling loads. http://www.ashrae.org/
International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSPHA), Stillwater, Oklahoma.
The IGSPHA is an important resource for materials related to ground source heat pump
systems. The training programs and materials are excellent. The software packages they
provide for design and load calculations (e.g., LDCAL5) are recommended. http://www.
igshpa.okstate.edu/
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service (http://soils.usda.gov).
The NRCS maintains a website containing numerous databases and links for information
regarding soil properties and conditions. It is a useful resource for initially determining
soil conditions that can influence the design of GSHP systems.