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316                                       Intelligent Digital Oil and Gas Fields


             The SPE has partnered with IHRDC to offer a competency manage-
          ment tool (CMT), which has an individualized dashboard to identify learn-
          ing gaps, a plan of action, and progress toward the goals. The dashboard is a
          valuable tool for both individual staff members and management. The CMT
          has 41 competency areas and 8 job functions: Production Engineering and
          Operations; Project and Facilities Engineering; Business Development
          (Operating Company); Supply Chain; Health, Safety and Environment;
          Business Development (Service Companies); Subsurface; and Engineering
          (Entry Level).

          8.3.2.3 Knowledge Management
          KM refers to systems and processes that store, organize, and retrieve knowl-
          edge to improve the efficiency of collaboration for learning teams. KM tools
          help companies capture and manage knowledge and integrate knowledge
          and experience within the operational systems.
             Gilman and Kuhn (2012) describe a KM process wherein the system cap-
          tures correlations between actions and their results from multiple asset teams.
          The system can correlate similar situations to help users “explore previous
          events, issues and solutions” to relate to a current situation in the field.
             David (2016) describes a comprehensive KM system that enables
          employees to leverage collective knowledge and experience of experts.
          The systems allow employees to discuss the strategy, methodology, and
          use cases in establishing a collaborative KM foundation. The system features
          that enable this collaborative foundation include an integrated knowledge
          base, KM workflows, virtual community of practices, data analytics, and col-
          laboration tools to embed knowledge as part of routine operational
          workflows.

          8.3.2.4 Team Synergy, Behaviors, and Role Transition
          Chapter 1, Section 1.6 discussed that, although helping build successful and
          effective teams is vital for DOF, it’s just a part of the DOF change manage-
          ment challenge. For maximum effectiveness of DOF teams (i.e., gains in
          operational efficiency and output), teams working in DOF environments
          need to be liberated, authorized, stimulated, and pampered. This type of
          change involves many other stakeholders around the core business and
          has consequences for the organization (the way work is structured and orga-
          nized) and for the way they are managed (leadership and culture), which is
          fundamentally different from existing traditional ways based on siloed sep-
          aration of disciplines. High-performance teams do not just happen by
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