Page 103 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 85

monetary value for avoiding a unit amount of damage to a safeguard subject,
and (2) a relative weighting coefficient based on an annual amount of damage
to a safeguard subject.

Reference for LIME:
Itsubo N and A Inaba (2004) "LIME - A Comprehensive Japanese LCIA
Methodology Based on Endpoint Modeling," in Proc. 6th International
Conference on EcoBalance.

ReCiPe
http: / / www.lcia-recipe.net/
ReCiPe was created under a joint effort of the RIVM (Rijksinstituut voor
Volksgezonheid en Milieu), CML, PRe Consultants, Radboud Universiteit
Nijmegen and CE Delft. The ReCiPe approach combines the midpoint
approach of Dutch CML with the damage approach of Eco-indicator 99, allow-
ing users to choose which level, midpoint or endpoint, is desired for reporting
indicators. The ReCiPe developers describe this as allowing the 'the user to
choose between uncertainty in the indicators, and uncertainty on the correct
interpretation of indicators." That is, the user can choose between eighteen rel-
atively robust, but not easy to interpret, midpoints versus three easy to under-
stand, but more uncertain, endpoints: Damage to Human Health; Damage to
Ecosystems; and Damage to Resource Availability. For endpoints a manual for

Table 4.6 Midpoint impact categories included in LIME.

Global Warming Human Toxicity Land Use
Ozone Layer Depletion Ecotoxicity Resource Consumption
Photochemical Oxidant Waste
Acidification
Eutrophication
Urban Air Pollution

Table 4.7 Midpoint impact categories modeled in ReCiPe.

Climate Change Terrestrial Acidification Agricultural Land Occupation
Ozone Depletion Freshwater Eutrophication Urban Land Occupation
Marine Eutrophication Natural Land Transformation
Human Toxicity Water Depletion
Photochemical Oxidant Mineral Resource Depletion
Formation Fossil Fuel Depletion
Particulate Matter Formation
Terrestrial Ecotoxicity
Freshwater Ecotoxicity
Marine Ecotoxicity
Ionising Radiation