Page 378 - 04. Subyek Engineering Materials - Manufacturing, Engineering and Technology SI 6th Edition - Serope Kalpakjian, Stephen Schmid (2009)

358 Chapter 14 Metal-Forging Processes and Equipment

KEY TERMS

Barreling Forgeability Impression-die forging Precision forging
Closed-die forging Forging Incremental forging Presses
Cogging Fullering Isothermal forging Sizing
Coining Hammers Net-shape forging Swaging
Edging Heading Open-die forging Upsetting
End grain Hot-twist test Orbital forging
Flash Hubbing Piercing

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Altan, T., Ngaile, G., and Shen, G. (eds.), Cold and Hot Fundamentals of Tool Design, 5th ed., Society of
Forging: Fundamentals and Applications, ASM Manufacturing Engineers, 2003.
International, 2005. Hosford, WF., and Caddell, R.M., Metal Forming: Mechanics
ASM Handbook, Vol. 14A: Metalworking: Bulk Forming, and Metallurgy, 3rd ed., Cambridge, 2007.
ASM International, 2005. Lange, K. (ed.), Handbook of Metal Forming, McGraw-Hill,
Blazynski, TZ., Plasticity and Modern Metal-forming 1985.
Technology, Elsevier, 1989. Product Design Guide for Forging, Forging lndustry
Byrer, T.G. (ed.), Forging Handbook, Forging Industry Association, 1997.
Association, 1985. Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, 4th ed., Vol.
Dieter, G.E., Kuhn, H.A., and Semiatin, S.L. (eds.), 2, Forming, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 1984.
Handbook of Workability and Process Design, ASM Tschaetch, H., Metal Forming Practice: Processes, Machines,
International, 2003. Tools, Springer, 2007.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

l4.l. What is the difference between cold, warm, and hot l4.6. Describe the features of a typical forging die.
forging? l4.7. Explain what is meant by “load limited,” “energy lim-
l4.2. Explain the difference between open-die and ited,” and “stroke limited” as these terms pertain to forging
impression-die forging. machines.
|4.3. Explain the difference between fullering, edging, and l4.8. What type of parts can be produced by rotary
blocking. swaging?
l4.4. What is flash? What is its function? l4.9. Why is hubbing an attractive alternative to producing
l4.5. Why is the intermediate shape of a part important in simple dies?
forging operations? l4.l0. What is the difference between piercing and punching?

QUALITATIVE PROBLEMS

|4.l I. How can you tell whether a certain part is forged or l4.l9. Review Fig. 14.5d and explain why internal draft an-
cast? Explain the features that you would investigate. gles are larger than external draft angles. ls this also true for
I4. I 2. Identify casting design rules, described in Section 12.2, permanent-mold casting?
that also can be applied to forging. l4.20. Comment on your observations regarding the grain-
|4.l3. Describe the factors involved in precision forging. flow pattern in Fig. 14.12.
l4.l4. Why is control of the volume of the blank important l4.2 I. Describe your observations concerning the control of
in closed-die forging? the final tube thickness in Fig. 14.15.
|4.l5. Why are there so many types of forging machines I4.22. By inspecting some forged products, such as hand
tools, you will note that the lettering on them is raised rather
available? Describe the capabilities and limitations of each.
than sunk. Offer an explanation as to why they are made
l4.l6. What are the advantages and limitations of (a) a cog-
that way.
ging operation and (b) isothermal forging?
l4.23. Describe the difficulties involved in defining the term
l4.l7. Describe your observations concerning Fig. 14.16.
“forgeability” precisely.
|4.l8. What are the advantages and limitations of using die
inserts? Give some examples.