Page 235 - Mechanical Engineer's Data Handbook

ENGINEERING MATERIALS 223
Silicon Tungsten

The usual range is 0.2-3%. It has little effect below This forms hard stable carbides and promotes grain
3%. At 3% it improves strength and hardenability but refining with great hardness and toughness at high
reduces ductility. Silicon acts as a deoxidizer. temperatures. It is a main alloying element in high
speed tool steels. It is also used for permanent-magnet
Sulphur steels.

Vanadium
Up to 0.5% sulphur forms sulphides which improve
machineability but reduces ductility and weldability.
This is a carbide forming element and deoxidizer used
with nickel and/or chromium to increase strength. It
Titanium improves hardenability and grain refinement and
combines with carbon to form wear-resistant micro-
This is a strong carbide forming element. In propor- constituents. As a deoxidizer it is useful for casting
tions of O.2-O.75% it is used in maraging steels to make steels, improving strength and hardness and elimina-
them age-hardening and to give high strength. It ting blowholes, etc. Vanadium is used in high-speed
stabilizes austenitic stainless steel. and pearlitic chromium steels.
6.3.4 Typical properties of alloy steels
Typical properties of alloy steels

Tensile Fatigue
strength limit Corrosion Machine-
Content Type Specification (Nmm-’) (Nmm-’) Weldability resistance ability Formability
Low 1 %Cr, Mo 709M40 1240 540 PHIFHTR PR F/HTR F
1.75%Ni,Cr,Mo 817M40 1550 700 PHIFHTR PR P/HTR F
4.25%Ni,Cr, Mo 835M30 1550 700 P H F H T R PR PWTR F
3%Cr, Mo, V 897M39 1310 620 PH/FHTR PR PIHTR F
(1780)
5%Cr, Mo, V AISI HI 1 2010 850 PH/FHTR PR P/HTR F
(A2630) (A1880)
Medium 9%Ni, Co HP9/4/45 1390 - FHTR PR WHTR F
Republic Steel 1850
12-14%Cr 410S21 1160 340 PJFHTR F FJHTR F
Cr, W, Mo. V Vascojet MA 2320 960 PHJFHTR PR PIHTR F
Vanadium (A3090)
alloy steel
High 13%Cr, Ni, Mo 316S12 620 260 G G F G
19%Cr,Ni, Mo 317S16 650 260 G G F G
15%Cr, Ni, Mo, V ESSHETE 1250 590 - GJFHTR GJHT F ~
S. Fox
17%Cr,Ni AISI 301 740 280 F F F G
(CR 1240)
17% Cr, Ni, AI 1717 PH Armco 1480 - F F F G
14%Cr, Ni, Cu. REX 627 1470 540 FHTR F F F
Mo, Nh Firth Vickers
15%Cr, Ni, Mo, V AM 355 Allegheny 1480 740 FHTR F F F
Ludlum
18%Ni, Co, Mo 300grade 1930 GIFHTR PR F P
maraging INCO
18%Ni, Co, Mo 250grade 1700 660 GIFHTR PR F P
maraging
A = ausformed, MA = martempered, CR =cold rolled, P = poor, F = fair, G = good, PH = preheat required, PR = protection required, HT = at
high temperature, HTR = when heat treated, FHTR=final heat treatment required.