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Section 3.4  Signal-Flow  Graph and Block  Diagram  Models          179








                                                                               +—o   w*>






                                                   (a)











         U(s)                                                                             +  Y(.s)













                                                   (b)

                       FIGURE 3.13  (a) Alternative flow graph state model for Equation (3.46). This model is called the
                      input feedforward canonical form, (b) Block diagram of the input feedforward canonical form.



                      EXAMPLE 3.2    Two state variable models
                      A  single-loop  control  system  is  shown  in  Figure  3.14. The  closed-loop  transfer
                      function  of the system is

                                                 Y(s)  =   2s 2  + 8s + 6
                                          T(s)  =        3     2
                                                 U(s)  ~  s  + 8s  +  16s + 6'




                                          2{s+  1)(^-  +  3)
     FIGURE 3.14      W.v)           G(s)  =  s(s + 2)(s + 4)   - •  Y(s)
     Single-loop control
     system.
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