Page 355 - Theory and Problems of BEGINNING CHEMISTRY

344 INDEX

Ounce, 13t, 25p Photon, 52
-ous, 90 Physical change, 3
-ous acid, 93 Physical property, 3
Outermost electrons, 43, 60, 69, 71 Pipet, 165
Outermost shell, 43–44, 55–57, 68–69 Polyatomic ions, 75
Overall equation, 135 bonding in, 73
Overbar, 195 naming of anions, 90–92
Oxidation, 205 naming of cations, 89
Oxidation and reduction, 201–218 Polyester, 279
Oxidation number, 201–205 Positive charge, 40
assignment of, 201–203 Positron, 284t
change method, 206–207 Positron-electron annihilation, 289p
electron dot diagram and, 201–202 Potential, 209
in nomenclature, 205 Practical cell, 211
nonintegral, 202, 203 Practice quizzes, 326–334
periodic variation of, 203–205 Precedence rules, 298–299
Oxidation state (See oxidation number) in built-up fractions, 299
Oxidation-reduction equations, balancing of, Precipitate, 126
205–209 Precision, 17
in basic solution, 208–209 Predicting products of reaction, 122–127
Oxidizing agent, 205 Prefixes, for nonmetal-nonmetal compounds, 87, 88t
Oxo-, 205 metric, 12–13, 13t
Oxyanion, 91, 93–94 Pressure of gases, 173–174
Oxygen, oxidation numbers of, 202 atmospheric, 174
effect on equilibrium, 232–233
Pa (pascal), 174 effect on rates of reaction, 230–231
Paired electrons, 56 KMT explanation of, 196
Paraffin, 265 partial, 183–184
Parent nucleus, 283 vapor, 184
Parentheses in formulas, 67–68 Primary amine, 272
Partial pressure, Dalton’s law of, 183–184, 190p Principal quantum number, 53–57
Particle of energy, 2 Probability of electron location, 58
Pascal, 174 Product(s) of reaction, 120, 232
Pauli exclusion principle, 55 predicting, 122–127
Penta-, 88t Property, 3, 6
Per (divided by), 22 chemical, 3
Per-, 91 physical, 3
Percent by mass, 102 Proportionality, direct, 10, 176
Percent composition, 106–107 inverse, 175–176
Percentage, 24p Proportions, definite, 4, 5
Period, 42 law of, 39
Periodic family (See group, periodic) Propylene, 265
Periodic group (See group, periodic) Protein, 272
Periodic table, 1, 5–6, 42–44, 350 Proton(s), 40, 284
electronic configuration and, 60–62 Brønsted sense, 246
Periodic variation of oxidation numbers, Pure substance, 4
203–205
Permanganate ion, 92t Quadratic equation, 237–238, 296
Permitted values of quantum numbers, 53–54, Quantitative, 10
53t Quantum (quanta), 52
Peroxide ion, 92t, 202 Quantum number(s), 53–57
PH, 250–251 and energy of the electron, 54–55
Phenyl radical, 267 permitted values, 53–54, 53t